What emotion is the 'Mad Scientist' showing when they say "I'll show them all!"

You could say they are feeling vindictive or are characterized by vindictiveness.

Vindictive

a : disposed to seek revenge : vengeful

b : intended for or involving revenge

  • Merriam-Webster

An example of the word can be found in this column by Charles Krauthammer:

Trump relishes such a cat-and-mouse game and, by playing it so openly, reveals a deeply repellent vindictiveness in the service of a pathological need to display dominance.


Hubris. "Exaggerated pride." Merriam-Webster.


I think that vengefulness could do.

The mad scientists is showing vengefulness.