What great writers have used coordinating conjunctions at the start of sentences?

Solution 1:

The Oxford Dictionary of Quotations, third edition (1979), has a number of instances, as well.

Hans Christian Andersen, "The Emperor's New Clothes":

'But the Emperor has nothing on at all!' cried a little child.

Matthew Arnold, Culture and Anarchy (1869):

But that vast portion, lastly, of the working-class which, raw and half-developed, has long lain half-hidden amidst its poverty and squalor, and is now issuing from its hiding-place to assert an Englishman's heaven-born privilege of doing as he likes, and is beginning to perplex us by marching where it likes, meeting where it likes, bawling what it likes, breaking what it likes—to this vast residuum we may with great propriety give the name of Populace.

Jane Austen, Northanger Abbey:

'And what are you reading, Miss —?' 'Oh! it is only a novel!' replies the young lady: while she lays down her book with affected indifference or momentary shame.

Francis Bacon, "Of Death":

And therefore death is no such terrible enemy, when a man hath so many attendants about him that can win the combat of him.

Walter Bagehot, The English Constitution (1867):

But of all the nations in the world the English are perhaps the least a nation of pure philosophers.

Isaiah Berlin, Four Essays on on Liberty:

Injustice, poverty, slavery, ignorance—these may be cured by reform or revolution. But men do not live only by fighting evils.

The Bible (King James version):

But of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, thou shalt not eat of it: for in the day that thou eatest thereof thou shalt surely die.

Thomas Browne, The Garden of Cyrus (1658):

But the quincunx of heaven runs low, and 'tis time to close the five ports of knowledge.

John Bunyan, The Pilgrim's Progress (1678):

Yet my great-grandfather was but a water-man, looking one way, and rowing another: and I got most of my estate by the same occupation.

Edmund Burke, Thoughts on the Present Discontents (1770):

I am not one of those who think that the people are never in the wrong. They have been so, frequently and outrageously, both in other countries and in this. But I do say, that in all disputes between them and their rulers, the presumption is at least upon a par in favour of the people.

Robert Burton, Anatomy of Melancholy:

Tobacco, divine, rare, superexcellent tobacco, which goes far beyond all their panaceas, potable gold, and philosopher's stones, a sovereign remedy to all diseases ... But, as it is commonly abused by most men, which take it as tinkers do ale, 'tis a plague, a mischief, a violent purger of goods, lands, health, hellish, devilish, and damned tobacco, the ruin and overthrow of body and soul.

Bishop Butler, The Analogy of Religion (1756):

But to us, probability is the very guide of life.

Samuel Butler, Note Books:

I believe that more unhappiness comes from this source than from any other—I mean from the attempt to prolong family connection unduly and to make people hang together artificially who would never naturally do so. The mischief among the lower classes is not so great, but among the middle and upper classes it is killing a large number daily. And the old people do not really like it much better than the young.

And that takes us through the letters A and B.

Solution 2:

Examples from Tolkien’s Legendarium

For my own demonstrative examples, I’ve chosen just one “great writer”, so that some measure of frequency of this phenomenon within a single writer’s works can be taken.

Across The Silmarillion, The Hobbit, and The Lord of the Rings, J.R.R. Tolkien began sentences with these seven (potential) conjunctions the indicated number of times each, sorted in descending order of frequency:

False Positives

Because those just count sentence-starts, not running the text through a syntactic analyser to determine actual parts of speech, the numbers of at least some are inflated due to false positives.

Although but and so also have some false positives as well, this is perhaps more true of for than of the others. This is because for is much more often used as a preposition than as a conjunction. About conjunctive uses of for, the OED has this to say:

The use of for as a conj. has not been found earlier than the 12th c. The older lang. supplied the place of the conj. by locutions in which for prep. governed a neuter demonstrative pronoun followed by a relative particle: for ðon ðe, for ðý ðe, etc. (see for-thon, for-thy). The conjunctional use of for = for ðon ðe may be explained either as an extension of the functions of the prep. to govern a noun-sentence, or as an ellipsis.

In OE. for and fore seem to have been used indiscriminately as preps.; in ME. they were gradually differentiated.

B. conj.

---

• † 1. Introducing the cause of a fact, the statement of which precedes or follows: Because. Cf. ^{A. 21 b.}Obs. exc. arch.
• 2 a. Introducing the ground or reason for something previously said: Seeing that, since. Cf. Gr. γάρ, L. nam or enim, Fr. car, Ger. denn.
• 2 b. Introducing a detailed proof.

For while using for as a conjunction may sound literary or at times even archaic, it surely does occur in the register that Tolkien was writing in.

Corporal Citations

Below I provide three random samples from each set for each of the seven coordinating conjunctions which I tested for, generally one apiece from each of the three words named above:

But

• But above this gate, and behind it even to the mountains, he piled the thunderous towers of Thangorodrim, that were made of the ash and slag of his subterranean furnaces, and the vast refuse of his tunnellings.

• But after ages alone in the dark Gollum’s heart was black, and treachery was in it.
• But against this Gandalf had spoken urgently, because of the evil that dwelt in the valley, where the minds of living men would turn to madness and horror, and because also of the news that Faramir had brought.

And

• And all the coasts and seaward regions of the western world suffered great change and ruin in that time; for the seas invaded the lands, and shores foundered, and ancient isles were drowned, and new isles were uplifted; and hills crumbled and rivers were turned into strange courses.

• And after all he never had any real hope in the affair from the beginning; but being a cheerful hobbit he had not needed hope, as long as despair could be postponed.
• And all those rings that he governed he perverted, the more easily since he had a part in their making, and they were accursed, and they betrayed in the end all those that used them.

For

• For as has been told and as is known to all, being written in lore and sung in many songs, Melkor slew the Trees of the Valar with the aid of Ungoliant, and escaped, and came back to Middle-earth.

• For he saw spiders swarming up all the neighboring trees, and crawling along the boughs above the heads of the dwarves.
• For there shall walk a power in the forests whose wrath they will arouse at their peril.

So

• So after a brief rest they set out again and were soon lost in a shadowy silent world, cut off from all view of the lands about, either the hills that they had left or the mountains that they sought.

• So following the hobbit, down into the lowest cellars they crept.
• So between them our enemies have contrived only to bring Merry and Pippin with marvellous speed, and in the nick of time, to Fangorn, where otherwise they would never have come at all!

Yet

• Yet after the fall of Sauron their power was ever at work, and where they abode there mirth also dwelt and all things were unstained by the griefs of time.

• Yet as Gimli after learned it was still two hours ere sunset of the day on which they had set out from Dunharrow; though for all that he could then tell it might have been twilight in some later year, or in some other world.
• Yet for a while I stand in the place of the Steward of Gondor, and it is mine to think first of its people.

Or

• Or because I do not go, and you desire still to be near me.

• Or why should I sit here in my tower and think, and watch, and wait, spending even my sons?
• Or would be, if Lugbúrz would let him alone.

Nor

• Nor could the stronghold of Morgoth be ever wholly encircled: for the Iron Mountains, from whose great curving wall the towers of Thangorodrim were thrust forward, defended it upon either side, and were impassable to the Noldor, because of their snow and ice.

• Nor did they hear or feel him trotting along well behind their torch-light as they led off their prisoners into the forest.
• Nor in all my realm shall it be openly spoken, while my power endures.

Special Effects

There is nothing especially unusual, let alone remarkable, about beginning a sentence with a coordinating conjunction.

At times, though, this is done for purposeful effect. The most intense such effect in all of Tolkien’s writings occurs in the following passage from the end of The Lord of the Rings when Faramir and Éowyn await news of the Captains of the West, who had gone off to the Black Gate while those two lay in the Houses of the Healing.

After the Ring is destroyed, a great eagle appears, truly a messenger of the “gods” (the Valar) sent to bring good tidings of great joy to a beleaguered people. A new day is dawning in the city of the Tower of the Guard (Minas Tirith), for the eagle gives the city its old name back, the Tower of the Sun (Minas Anor). The entire scene explodes with light.

Here the repetitive lines starting over and over again with either and or for are deliberately meant to evoke the Hebrew psalms as translated into the King James Version of the Bible.

To anyone familiar with the Psalms — as would all readers have been when Tolkien wrote it — the effect is a sublimely powerful one. The Sing and rejoice is clearly from the Psalms, as is the repetition of the conjunctions. And lest there be any doubt remaining that this were done with full intent aforethought, he reverts to the Early Modern English of the KJV: note all the instances of ye and hath.

The following excerpt occurs in the chapter “The Stewart and the King” from Book VI of The Lord of the Rings by J.R.R. Tolkien (bold emphasis mine, to show the parts meant to evoke the Psalms):

      And so they stood on the walls of the City of Gondor, and a great wind rose and blew, and their hair, raven and golden, streamed out mingling in the air. And the Shadow departed, and the Sun was unveiled, and light leaped forth; and the waters of Anduin shone like silver, and in all the houses of the City men sang for the joy that welled up in their hearts from what source they could not tell.

      And before the Sun had fallen far from the noon out of the East there came a great Eagle flying, and he bore tidings beyond hope from the Lords of the West, crying:

          Sing now, ye people of the Tower of Anor,
          for the Realm of Sauron is ended for ever,
              and the Dark Tower is thrown down.

          Sing and rejoice, ye people of the Tower of Guard,
          for your watch hath not been in vain,
          and the Black Gate is broken,
          and your King hath passed through,
              and he is victorious.

          Sing and be glad, all ye children of the West,
          for your King shall come again,
          and he shall dwell among you
              all the days of your life.

          And the Tree that was withered shall be renewed,
          and he shall plant it in the high places,
              and the City shall be blessed.

              Sing all ye people!

   And the people sang in all the ways of the City.

Now go back and try rewriting that passage without any instances of and and for at the beginning of the sentences and independent clauses within. It is an interesting experiment: you will see this scintillating passage deflate like a beach ball all of whose air has escaped it.

We should all be grateful that Tolkien was a Professor of English, not someone cowed into insipid writing by obsequious obedience to fake “rules” which are themselves nothing but figments of prescriptivists’ cruel unimaginations, for we should not otherwise have such stirring words of joy to inspire us.

Solution 3:

Perhaps he's heard of the King James Bible? It may be hard to read now but it's been called one of the greatest works of the English language. I recommend starting on the first page:

In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth. And the earth was without form, and void; and darkness was upon the face of the deep. And the Spirit of God moved upon the face of the waters.

Solution 4:

On a hunch I opened The Sound And The Fury by William Faulkner, once, at a random page and saw:

It was a while before the last stroke ceased vibrating. It stayed in the air, more felt than heard, for a long time. Like all the bells that ever rang still ringing in the long dying light-rays and Jesus and Saint Francis talking about his sister. Because if it were just to hell; if that were all of it. Finished. If things just finished themselves. Nobody else there but her and me. If we could just have done something so dreadful that they would have fled hell except us. I have committed incest I said Father it was I it was not Dalton Ames    And when he put Dalton Ames. Dalton Ames. Dalton Ames.

The choice of book wasn't random but I swear to you, I did not try multiple books or multiple pages. First time ;-)

Note that the initial "because" isn't always "grammatically incorrect", but in this case Faulkner uses it to introduce a dangling subordinate clause. There are some other sentence fragments with "if". There isn't actually a period in my edition before the "And", but to the extent that stream-of-consciousness writing can be said to have sentences at all, I think this starts one.

So I'm not sure that "great writers" are necessarily good authorities on style, since they fairly predictably break any "bureaucratic" rule you can think of for effect. In this case, the initial conjunctions are no barrier at all to clear communication (although perhaps the content itself is obscure). Even rules that you'd think are necessary for clear communication can go out of the window, though, to a particular end. The act of breaking a rule is in itself significant, and doesn't necessarily negate the rule's common applicability.

So, while the many examples given in other answers are excellent demonstrations that this particular "rule" is silly, beware arguing from the greatness of the author!

Solution 5:

Mitch Albom, The Five People You Meet in Heaven, p. 11 paragraph 3:

But back at the Stardust Band Shell with Marguerite....

Mark Twain, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, last sentence of Chapter VI:

And how slow and still the time did drag along.

Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, The Song of Hiawatha, Introduction

"And the pleasant watercourses, you could trace them through the valley..."

Shakespeare, Hamlet, Prince of Denmark, Act 1, Scence 1, Horatious starts a speech:

And then it started like a guilty thing.

Also, Paul, in the letter to the Corinthians, on a number of occasions starts a sentence with "and" or "but".

[Yes, I know that the Twain citation is contained within dialog, and that the Longfellow citation is poetry, and the Shakespeare is from a play.]