Solution 1:

The Chicago Manual of Style website has a rule: when describing multiple actions of an individual, you don't need a comma with "and then", but if you have "then" without "and", it needs a comma before. They give these examples of correct usage:

  1. "She glanced around the room and then exited for the last time."
  2. "He got a DUI, then resisted arrest."

This is a matter of style to some extent, but this seems a good rule.

A previous Stack Exchange question dealt with the distinct question of "if x, then y" which again has a comma.

https://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/qanda/data/faq/topics/Usage/faq0295.html