Matrix clause or infinitival clause?
Solution 1:
In a comment, John Lawler wrote:
In (2) and (4), the doctor functions as the indirect object of the matrix verb, and also as the subject of the infinitive; persuade and tell are B-Equi predicates.
In (1), (3), and (5), however, the doctor does not originate in the matrix clause; rather, in (1) and (3) it's a B-Raised subject of the infinitive; want and expect govern Raising, not Equi.
In (5), the doctor is the unraised subject of the infinitive, marked as such by the undeleted for complementizer.