A word that means "the yield of a hunt"
Solution 1:
Right in your first sentence...
catch noun: an act of catching something, typically a ball [or animal]. an amount of fish caught.
"a record catch of 6.9 billion pounds of fish"
"he inspected the catch"
and another for good measure...
quarry noun: an animal pursued by a hunter, hound, predatory mammal, or bird of prey.
"he would not allow his quarry to elude him"
google definition
Solution 2:
I would recommend "Spoils" or perhaps "Prize". They imply a challenge, competition or battle from which the caught rabbit is the "reward" - the hunt could be thought of as such in a metaphorical sense.
Spoils Merriam-Webster
1c : something valuable or desirable gained through special effort or opportunism or in return for a favor —usually used in plural**
3: an object of plundering : PREY
For example, you may refer to the caught rabbit as the "spoils of the hunt"
Prize Merriam-Webster
1 : something taken by force, stratagem, or threat especially : property lawfully captured at sea in time of war
2 : an act of capturing or taking especially : the wartime capture of a ship and its cargo at sea
Solution 3:
kill
noun [usually in singular]
an act of killing, especially of one animal by another: a lion has made a kill.• an animal or animals killed, either by a hunter or by another animal: the vulture is able to survey the land and locate a fresh kill.
New Oxford American Dictionary
Solution 4:
Your question:
A word that means “the yield of a hunt?”
bounty: Cambridge Dictionary
f. [ C/U ] a large amount of something [ C ]
As in:
The hunt resulted in a bounty of game.
and
I was amazed by the bounty of our hunt.
synonyms of bounty: abundance, plenty, exuberance, profusion, affluence, plenitude, copiousness, plenteousness
Solution 5:
bag
Noun
a quantity of game taken
(Merriam-Webster)
Related to bag (verb), the act of shooting or catching game.
This might be more British English.