Installing JetBrains Toolbox on Ubuntu 17.10

If you launch the Toolbox application once you can click the icon in the top bar and go to settings and you'll see a check box to set it to launch at startup. To get the application to show up in the application menu, you need to have a .desktop file for it (mine is in ~./local/share/applications), I'm not entirely sure how mine arrived there, but I've put it below. You'll want to replace <username> with your actual username, and you may want to comment out the Icon line because you may not have that file.

[Desktop Entry]
Type=Application
Name=JetBrains Toolbox
Exec=/home/<username>/.local/share/JetBrains/Toolbox/bin/jetbrains-toolbox %u
Icon=/home/<username>/.local/share/JetBrains/Toolbox/toolbox.svg
StartupNotify=false
Categories=Development;IDE;
Terminal=false
X-GNOME-Autostart-enabled=true
StartupWMClass=jetbrains-toolbox
MimeType=x-scheme-handler/jetbrains;

With Toolbox 1.8.3678+, it is automatically created on the first start. So you just need to put it somewhere and open it.

Based on the comment on the accepted answer.