How to redirect all Apache 2.4 websites to maintenance page while allowing access to specified IP addresses

Provided that your load-balancer forward the original IP one way or another (ProxyProtocol, X-Forwarded-For, ..) you could do something like that:

RewriteEngine On
RewriteCond %{REMOTE_ADDR}      !^1\.2\.3\.4$       [NC]
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI}      !maintenance.html   [NC]
RewriteRule (.*)                /maintenance.html   [L,R=503]

Replace with your IP address and real maintenance page URL