Why is the toString() method being called when I print an object?
I can't seem to understand why when I use println method on the quarter object, it returns the value of the toString method. I never called the toString method why am I getting the return value?
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Quarter q = new Quarter();
Nickel n = new Nickel();
System.out.println(q);
System.out.println(n);
}
}
public abstract class Money {
private int value;
public Money(int v) {
value=v;
}
public abstract int getValue();
protected int myValue() {
return value;
}
public abstract String toString();
}
public abstract class Coin extends Money {
public Coin(int value) {
super(value);
System.out.println("I am a coin, my value is " + getValue());
}
}
public class Quarter extends Coin {
public Quarter () {
super(25);
}
public int getValue() {
return myValue();
}
public String toString() {
return "A Quarter is "+getValue();
}
}
public class Nickel extends Coin {
public Nickel () {
super(5);
}
public int getValue() {
return myValue();
}
public String toString() {
return "A "+this.getClass().getName()+ " is "+getValue();
}
}
Solution 1:
On Refering to java docs what i undestand is that,
When you call PrintStream class print(obj) / println(obj) method then internally it called write method with arguement as String.valueOf(obj) shown below :
public void print(Object obj) {
write(String.valueOf(obj));
}
Now String.valueOf(obj) does the task of calling to String method as shown below :
/**
* Returns the string representation of the <code>Object</code> argument.
*
* @param obj an <code>Object</code>.
* @return if the argument is <code>null</code>, then a string equal to
* <code>"null"</code>; otherwise, the value of
* <code>obj.toString()</code> is returned.
* @see java.lang.Object#toString()
*/
public static String valueOf(Object obj) {
return (obj == null) ? "null" : obj.toString();
}
Solution 2:
Because PrintStream.println
has an overload that takes an Object
, and then calls its toString
method.
Solution 3:
Because this is how this function operates: it formats the primitive types for you, but when you pass it an object, it will call .toString()
on it.
If you don't override it, it will output the default .toString()
implementation (Class@somenumber
) which is not really useful...
Solution 4:
When you are directly trying to print an object, by default it will call the toString
method you need to override that toString
method to print the attributes of your class.