How do I migrate my Aperture library from my primary HDD to an external drive?

Yes you can, here are the steps:

  • Connect your external disk
  • Open Finder and go to <your home folder>/Pictures
  • move the Aperture Library.aplibrary file to a location on your new disk
  • Open Aperture and go to preferences ( from menu or by pressing +, )
  • On the General tab, change the location of the library to where you copied the Aperture Library.aplibrary file

That's it, the library is now on your external drive.