How can I filter meeting requests and other calendar items in Outlook 2011 with a local client-side rule?

If I understand your question correctly, you can use the Rules Wizard to create a rule which identifies any item "which is a meeting invitation or update". (This option is near the very bottom of the list; you might have to scroll down.)

screenshot of Rules Wizard


For Mac Outlook 2011 I use the following client side rule for meeting requests:

Specific Header > Content-Class > Contains > calendarmessage

Better late than never :)