Why is it a *canary* in a coalmine? [closed]

Canaries were not only used in coal mines. The old Normanby Park steelworks in Scunthorpe had an aviary as late as the mid twentieth century where they bred canaries for gas detection purposes. They were so good at breeding that they showed the best looking birds (and probably the best singers) in competition with other breeders.

A caged canary would be taken in into an area where CO and other dangerous gases might be present; if there was a concentration of dangerous gas the bird would pass out and fall off its perch but would usually recover quickly after it was removed from danger.

Because they are quite easy to breed in captivity canaries, although an introduced species, have been quite cheap to buy and keep in the UK. Before the introduction of canaries as pets caged linnets were often kept for their song, but I believe that they were captured from the wild rather than bred. Interestingly country people who couldn't afford parrots (which were and are expensive) would sometimes keep captured jays or jackdaws as pets for their mimic abilities.

The metaphor is historically accurate: actual caged canaries were historically brought into coal mines.

The breeding of canaries in captivity in Europe started in the 17th century, and thus predates underground coal mining. By the time underground coal mining started, caged canaries were already available. Their smallness, and the smallness of the cages, [edit: and (as Guntram Blohm points out) their constant singing,] made their use as carbon monoxide and methane detectors effective, as well as practical.

According to the Smithsonian Magazine, the mining tradition of using canaries in coal mines to detect carbon monoxide and other toxic gases dates back to 1911.

Male canaries will sing all the time when they're alone in the hope of their song attracting a female. In fact, the main reason for them being held in captivity is their incessant song.

This makes them ideal for coal mines; you don't have to concentrate on them or watch them. You do your work, register the canary's song as a background noise, and as soon as the background noise stops, you know you're in trouble.