Is there any word for "disobedience to God"?
Solution 1:
potentially :
sin and MW definition
noun:
1a: an offense against religious or moral law
1b: an action that is or is felt to be highly reprehensible
2a: transgression of the law of God
verb:
to commit a sin
It is not used to exclusively describe disobedience to God, but has those connotations:
It's a sin to waste food.
Bless me, Father, for I have sinned.
Ordinarily the sinful cleric prayed and fasted at his own discretion, and nothing is said of his confessing his sins.
Speaking as a AmE I tend to connect this to the Christian god, but that may be due to overexposure to Christianity, rather than actual usage rules.
Solution 2:
If you want to describe "disobedience" to the point of "rejecting God's authority", you should definitely consider "apostasy".
Merriam-Webster: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/apostasy
apostasy noun
apos·ta·sy | \ ə-ˈpäs-tə-sē \
plural apostasies
Definition of apostasy
1 : an act of refusing to continue to follow, obey, or recognize a religious faith
2 : abandonment of a previous loyalty : DEFECTION
Solution 3:
I'd like to add two options not yet mentioned, firstly 'impiety:'
A lack of respect, especially for God or religion.
(Cambridge.)
And secondly 'irreverence:'
The quality of not showing the expected respect for official, important, or holy things.
(Cambridge.)