What's the best way to create a static backup of a website?
I have an old Joomla! site that I would like to convert to a static set of html pages (since it's not being updated anymore and I don't want the overhead of having a MySQL db running for something that is never updated).
Is there a command-line tool that could basically crawl and download the entire forward-facing website?
Solution 1:
I just made static pages from an old Joomla with this command:
wget --adjust-extension --mirror --page-requisites --convert-links http://my.domain.com
It's short version is:
wget -E -m -p -k http://my.domain.com
This save pages with .hml extension and will get (almost) all css, js and images files the pages need.
But I wanted my static mirror to have the same links as the original. So the files names couldn’t have the .html extension, which made me remove the -E option.
Then I found that the -p option (and -k) doesn’t work the same way if you don’t use the -E . But using -E and -p still is the best way to get most of the page-requisites. So I did a first fetch with it, deleted all .html files and then fetched all over again without -E.
As option -k without -E also doesn’t convert all links, I had to make some substitutions.
The complete list of commands used is:
# To get almost every thing:
wget --adjust-extension --mirror --page-requisites --convert-links http://my.dommain.com
# Remove files ending with .html:
find my.dommain.com/ -name '*.html*' -exec rm {} \;
# Get pages without .html extension:
wget --mirror --page-requisites --convert-links http://my.dommain.com
# Check if there are unconverted absolute URL and which are:
grep -lr "http:\/\/my.dommain.com" my.dommain.com/ | sort -u | xargs sed -ne '/http:\/\/my\.dommain\.com/s/.*"http:\/\/\([^"]*\).*/http:\/\/\1/p' | sort -u
# Unconverted absolute URL correspond to missing needed files, so get them:
grep -lr "http:\/\/my.dommain.com" my.dommain.com/ | sort -u | xargs sed -ne '/http:\/\/my\.dommain\.com/s/.*"http:\/\/\([^"]*\).*/http:\/\/\1/p' | sort -u | wget -x -i -
# Then, converter all missing absolute URL to relative:
grep -lr “http:\/\/my.domain.com” my.domain.com/ | sort -u | xargs sed -i -e '/http:\/\/my\.domain\.com/s/http:\/\/my\.domain\.com\/\([^"]*\)/\1/g'
# Converter all URL with "?" into its URL encoding equivalent (%3F):
grep -lr –exclude=*.{css,js} '=\s\{0,1\}”[^?"]*?[^"]*”' my.domain.com/ | sort -u | xargs sed -i -e '/\(=\s\{0,1\}”[^?"]*\)?\([^"]*”\)/s/\(=\s\{0,1\}”[^?"]*\)?\([^"]*”\)/\1%3F\2/g'
As I was mirroring a site under a path in my domain I ended up with this file:
my.domain.com/subsite/index.html
That index.html was deleted by my second command, which is ok.
When I ran the second wget it created a file with the same name as the directory and an index.php inside it, like:
my.domain.com/subsite.1
my.domain.com/subsite/index.php
...and converted (at least some) home links to subsite.1. If all home links were the same, only one of those two files would be needed. And index.php is the best choice as it is automatically served when a client asks for http://my.domain.com/subsite.
To solve that I ran:
# To verify if there were links to subsite.1:
grep -r 'subsite\.1' my.domain.com/
# To convert links from subsite.1 to subsite:
grep -lr 'subsite\.1' my.domain.com/ | sort -u | xargs sed -i -e '/subsite\.1/s/\(subsite\)\.1/\1/g'
# Then I could delete the "duplicated" index file:
rm my.domain.com/subsite.1
In the end, using a web developer tool (firebug) I found that there were still missing some files that were included by javascript or by css. I got them one by one.
Solution 2:
wget usually works.
GNU page: https://www.gnu.org/software/wget
Wiki: http://wget.addictivecode.org
Example:
wget.exe -x -r http://www.acmecorp.com
Would create a directory called www.acmecorp.com under your current directory, and recursively download all of the content.
There are a myriad of options.
wget --help
GNU Wget 1.11.1, a non-interactive network retriever.
Usage: wget [OPTION]... [URL]...
Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
Startup:
-V, --version display the version of Wget and exit.
-h, --help print this help.
-b, --background go to background after startup.
-e, --execute=COMMAND execute a `.wgetrc'-style command.
Logging and input file:
-o, --output-file=FILE log messages to FILE.
-a, --append-output=FILE append messages to FILE.
-d, --debug print lots of debugging information.
-q, --quiet quiet (no output).
-v, --verbose be verbose (this is the default).
-nv, --no-verbose turn off verboseness, without being quiet.
-i, --input-file=FILE download URLs found in FILE.
-F, --force-html treat input file as HTML.
-B, --base=URL prepends URL to relative links in -F -i file.
Download:
-t, --tries=NUMBER set number of retries to NUMBER (0 unlimits).
--retry-connrefused retry even if connection is refused.
-O, --output-document=FILE write documents to FILE.
-nc, --no-clobber skip downloads that would download to
existing files.
-c, --continue resume getting a partially-downloaded file.
--progress=TYPE select progress gauge type.
-N, --timestamping don't re-retrieve files unless newer than
local.
-S, --server-response print server response.
--spider don't download anything.
-T, --timeout=SECONDS set all timeout values to SECONDS.
--dns-timeout=SECS set the DNS lookup timeout to SECS.
--connect-timeout=SECS set the connect timeout to SECS.
--read-timeout=SECS set the read timeout to SECS.
-w, --wait=SECONDS wait SECONDS between retrievals.
--waitretry=SECONDS wait 1..SECONDS between retries of a retrieval.
--random-wait wait from 0...2*WAIT secs between retrievals.
--no-proxy explicitly turn off proxy.
-Q, --quota=NUMBER set retrieval quota to NUMBER.
--bind-address=ADDRESS bind to ADDRESS (hostname or IP) on local host.
--limit-rate=RATE limit download rate to RATE.
--no-dns-cache disable caching DNS lookups.
--restrict-file-names=OS restrict chars in file names to ones OS allows.
--ignore-case ignore case when matching files/directories.
--user=USER set both ftp and http user to USER.
--password=PASS set both ftp and http password to PASS.
Directories:
-nd, --no-directories don't create directories.
-x, --force-directories force creation of directories.
-nH, --no-host-directories don't create host directories.
--protocol-directories use protocol name in directories.
-P, --directory-prefix=PREFIX save files to PREFIX/...
--cut-dirs=NUMBER ignore NUMBER remote directory components.
HTTP options:
--http-user=USER set http user to USER.
--http-password=PASS set http password to PASS.
--no-cache disallow server-cached data.
-E, --html-extension save HTML documents with `.html' extension.
--ignore-length ignore `Content-Length' header field.
--header=STRING insert STRING among the headers.
--max-redirect maximum redirections allowed per page.
--proxy-user=USER set USER as proxy username.
--proxy-password=PASS set PASS as proxy password.
--referer=URL include `Referer: URL' header in HTTP request.
--save-headers save the HTTP headers to file.
-U, --user-agent=AGENT identify as AGENT instead of Wget/VERSION.
--no-http-keep-alive disable HTTP keep-alive (persistent connections).
--no-cookies don't use cookies.
--load-cookies=FILE load cookies from FILE before session.
--save-cookies=FILE save cookies to FILE after session.
--keep-session-cookies load and save session (non-permanent) cookies.
--post-data=STRING use the POST method; send STRING as the data.
--post-file=FILE use the POST method; send contents of FILE.
--content-disposition honor the Content-Disposition header when
choosing local file names (EXPERIMENTAL).
--auth-no-challenge Send Basic HTTP authentication information
without first waiting for the server's
challenge.
HTTPS (SSL/TLS) options:
--secure-protocol=PR choose secure protocol, one of auto, SSLv2,
SSLv3, and TLSv1.
--no-check-certificate don't validate the server's certificate.
--certificate=FILE client certificate file.
--certificate-type=TYPE client certificate type, PEM or DER.
--private-key=FILE private key file.
--private-key-type=TYPE private key type, PEM or DER.
--ca-certificate=FILE file with the bundle of CA's.
--ca-directory=DIR directory where hash list of CA's is stored.
--random-file=FILE file with random data for seeding the SSL PRNG.
--egd-file=FILE file naming the EGD socket with random data.
FTP options:
--ftp-user=USER set ftp user to USER.
--ftp-password=PASS set ftp password to PASS.
--no-remove-listing don't remove `.listing' files.
--no-glob turn off FTP file name globbing.
--no-passive-ftp disable the "passive" transfer mode.
--retr-symlinks when recursing, get linked-to files (not dir).
--preserve-permissions preserve remote file permissions.
Recursive download:
-r, --recursive specify recursive download.
-l, --level=NUMBER maximum recursion depth (inf or 0 for infinite).
--delete-after delete files locally after downloading them.
-k, --convert-links make links in downloaded HTML point to local files.
-K, --backup-converted before converting file X, back up as X.orig.
-m, --mirror shortcut for -N -r -l inf --no-remove-listing.
-p, --page-requisites get all images, etc. needed to display HTML page.
--strict-comments turn on strict (SGML) handling of HTML comments.
Recursive accept/reject:
-A, --accept=LIST comma-separated list of accepted extensions.
-R, --reject=LIST comma-separated list of rejected extensions.
-D, --domains=LIST comma-separated list of accepted domains.
--exclude-domains=LIST comma-separated list of rejected domains.
--follow-ftp follow FTP links from HTML documents.
--follow-tags=LIST comma-separated list of followed HTML tags.
--ignore-tags=LIST comma-separated list of ignored HTML tags.
-H, --span-hosts go to foreign hosts when recursive.
-L, --relative follow relative links only.
-I, --include-directories=LIST list of allowed directories.
-X, --exclude-directories=LIST list of excluded directories.
-np, --no-parent don't ascend to the parent directory.
Mail bug reports and suggestions to <[email protected]>.
Solution 3:
There is httrack (offline browser: copy websites to a local directory) and the syntax is:
httrack www.example.com/bob/
which would mirror site www.example.com/bob/ and only this site.
However I'm finding easier to use wget, for example:
wget -m www.example.com