Ubuntu package:libcaca security vulnerability (CVE-2021-30498, CVE-2021-30499)

You didn't read your link carefully.

https://ubuntu.com/security/notices/USN-5119-1

Ubuntu 20.04

caca-utils - 0.99.beta19-2.1ubuntu1.20.04.2
libcaca0 - 0.99.beta19-2.1ubuntu1.20.04.2

So you got the correct update. You have the fix installed already. No action is required.

libcaca0 - 0.99.beta19-2.2ubuntu2.1 is for Ubuntu 21.10.