List of Unicode version support by macOS version
Solution 1:
I don't know of any list of the type you mention, but at least some MacOS apps will display anything in Unicode for which a font is installed regardless of whether Character Viewer is up to date or not. My High Sierra TextEdit and Safari can display Mayan Numerals once the Babelstone font for them is installed. 𝋠 𝋡 𝋢 𝋣 𝋤 𝋥