Questions about Fubini's theorem

1. I was wondering what theorem(s) makes possible exchanging the order of Lebesgue integrals, for instance, in the following example: $$\int\nolimits_0^1 \int_0^x \quad 1 \quad dy dx = \int_0^1 \int_y^1 \quad 1 \quad dx dy,$$ or more generally $$\int_0^1 \int_0^x \quad f(x,y) \quad dy dx = \int_0^1 \int_y^1 \quad f(x,y) \quad dx dy.$$ I am not sure if it is Fubini's theorem because I have questions regarding it in the next part.

2. In Fubini's theorem:

   1. Must the set over which the double/overall integral is taken be a "rectangle" subset, i.e. $I_1 \times I_2$, instead of a general subset in the product space?
   2. Must the set over which the inner integral is taken not depend on the dummy variable in the outer integral?

The answers to the above two questions seem to be "must" and "must not", based on Wikipedia and Planetmath.

Thanks and regards!

$$ \int _0^1\int _0^xf(x,y)dydx=\int _0^1\int _0^1\chi _{[0,x]}(y)f(x,y)dydx $$

Now apply Fubini to get

$$ \int _0^1\int _0^xf(x,y)dydx=\int _0^1\int _0^1\chi _{[0,x]}(y)f(x,y)dxdy=\int _0^1\int _y^1f(x,y)dxdy, $$

where I have used the fact that $\chi _{[0,x]}(y)=0$ unless $y\leq x\leq 1$.

Techincally speaking, you can only apply Fubini (or Tonelli) for a rectangular region. To do more general regions, you have to play around with characteristic functions as I just did (or possibly even do a change of variables) and then apply Fubini (or Tonelli). However, in practice, with a bit of geometric intuition, you can figure out what the bounds should be without doing this.

Imagine that we are trying to integrate some function $f(x,y)$ over some sort of strange-shaped (bounded, for now) region of the plane, which we can denote by $\Omega$. Then we know that this region is contained in some rectangle $R$ if we simply allow $R$ to be big enough. Then we can extend our function $f(x,y)$ over all of $R$ by setting $f \equiv 0$ on all points of $R$ not in $\Omega$.

Then the double integral over $\Omega$ is equal to the integral over $R$, if they exist. And so Fubini's theorem applies to oddly shaped regions as well.