Remove accents without using iconv
What is the best way to remove accents eg.
ÈâuÑ" becomes "Eaun"
Without using iconv
A lot more simply:
$text = "ÈâuÑ foo bar 88.";
var_dump(preg_replace('/\p{M}/u', '',
Normalizer::normalize($text, Normalizer::FORM_D)));
gives:
string(16) "EauN foo bar 88."
The idea is to decompose the characters into the form where they're actually two Unicode code units, with an individual one for the accents. Then, you remove those accents.
\p{M} means "a character intended to be combined with another character (e.g. accents, umlauts, enclosing boxes, etc.)".
Note that this is not a definitive solution. It may be enough for the input text you have, but many characters, like ø do not decompose, so this method will fail.
Complete working code. I know this is long, but it's a sure-shot way used by Wordpress.
<?php
function seems_utf8($str)
{
$length = strlen($str);
for ($i=0; $i < $length; $i++) {
$c = ord($str[$i]);
if ($c < 0x80) $n = 0; # 0bbbbbbb
elseif (($c & 0xE0) == 0xC0) $n=1; # 110bbbbb
elseif (($c & 0xF0) == 0xE0) $n=2; # 1110bbbb
elseif (($c & 0xF8) == 0xF0) $n=3; # 11110bbb
elseif (($c & 0xFC) == 0xF8) $n=4; # 111110bb
elseif (($c & 0xFE) == 0xFC) $n=5; # 1111110b
else return false; # Does not match any model
for ($j=0; $j<$n; $j++) { # n bytes matching 10bbbbbb follow ?
if ((++$i == $length) || ((ord($str[$i]) & 0xC0) != 0x80))
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
/**
* Converts all accent characters to ASCII characters.
*
* If there are no accent characters, then the string given is just returned.
*
* @param string $string Text that might have accent characters
* @return string Filtered string with replaced "nice" characters.
*/
function remove_accents($string) {
if ( !preg_match('/[\x80-\xff]/', $string) )
return $string;
if (seems_utf8($string)) {
$chars = array(
// Decompositions for Latin-1 Supplement
chr(195).chr(128) => 'A', chr(195).chr(129) => 'A',
chr(195).chr(130) => 'A', chr(195).chr(131) => 'A',
chr(195).chr(132) => 'A', chr(195).chr(133) => 'A',
chr(195).chr(135) => 'C', chr(195).chr(136) => 'E',
chr(195).chr(137) => 'E', chr(195).chr(138) => 'E',
chr(195).chr(139) => 'E', chr(195).chr(140) => 'I',
chr(195).chr(141) => 'I', chr(195).chr(142) => 'I',
chr(195).chr(143) => 'I', chr(195).chr(145) => 'N',
chr(195).chr(146) => 'O', chr(195).chr(147) => 'O',
chr(195).chr(148) => 'O', chr(195).chr(149) => 'O',
chr(195).chr(150) => 'O', chr(195).chr(153) => 'U',
chr(195).chr(154) => 'U', chr(195).chr(155) => 'U',
chr(195).chr(156) => 'U', chr(195).chr(157) => 'Y',
chr(195).chr(159) => 's', chr(195).chr(160) => 'a',
chr(195).chr(161) => 'a', chr(195).chr(162) => 'a',
chr(195).chr(163) => 'a', chr(195).chr(164) => 'a',
chr(195).chr(165) => 'a', chr(195).chr(167) => 'c',
chr(195).chr(168) => 'e', chr(195).chr(169) => 'e',
chr(195).chr(170) => 'e', chr(195).chr(171) => 'e',
chr(195).chr(172) => 'i', chr(195).chr(173) => 'i',
chr(195).chr(174) => 'i', chr(195).chr(175) => 'i',
chr(195).chr(177) => 'n', chr(195).chr(178) => 'o',
chr(195).chr(179) => 'o', chr(195).chr(180) => 'o',
chr(195).chr(181) => 'o', chr(195).chr(182) => 'o',
chr(195).chr(182) => 'o', chr(195).chr(185) => 'u',
chr(195).chr(186) => 'u', chr(195).chr(187) => 'u',
chr(195).chr(188) => 'u', chr(195).chr(189) => 'y',
chr(195).chr(191) => 'y',
// Decompositions for Latin Extended-A
chr(196).chr(128) => 'A', chr(196).chr(129) => 'a',
chr(196).chr(130) => 'A', chr(196).chr(131) => 'a',
chr(196).chr(132) => 'A', chr(196).chr(133) => 'a',
chr(196).chr(134) => 'C', chr(196).chr(135) => 'c',
chr(196).chr(136) => 'C', chr(196).chr(137) => 'c',
chr(196).chr(138) => 'C', chr(196).chr(139) => 'c',
chr(196).chr(140) => 'C', chr(196).chr(141) => 'c',
chr(196).chr(142) => 'D', chr(196).chr(143) => 'd',
chr(196).chr(144) => 'D', chr(196).chr(145) => 'd',
chr(196).chr(146) => 'E', chr(196).chr(147) => 'e',
chr(196).chr(148) => 'E', chr(196).chr(149) => 'e',
chr(196).chr(150) => 'E', chr(196).chr(151) => 'e',
chr(196).chr(152) => 'E', chr(196).chr(153) => 'e',
chr(196).chr(154) => 'E', chr(196).chr(155) => 'e',
chr(196).chr(156) => 'G', chr(196).chr(157) => 'g',
chr(196).chr(158) => 'G', chr(196).chr(159) => 'g',
chr(196).chr(160) => 'G', chr(196).chr(161) => 'g',
chr(196).chr(162) => 'G', chr(196).chr(163) => 'g',
chr(196).chr(164) => 'H', chr(196).chr(165) => 'h',
chr(196).chr(166) => 'H', chr(196).chr(167) => 'h',
chr(196).chr(168) => 'I', chr(196).chr(169) => 'i',
chr(196).chr(170) => 'I', chr(196).chr(171) => 'i',
chr(196).chr(172) => 'I', chr(196).chr(173) => 'i',
chr(196).chr(174) => 'I', chr(196).chr(175) => 'i',
chr(196).chr(176) => 'I', chr(196).chr(177) => 'i',
chr(196).chr(178) => 'IJ',chr(196).chr(179) => 'ij',
chr(196).chr(180) => 'J', chr(196).chr(181) => 'j',
chr(196).chr(182) => 'K', chr(196).chr(183) => 'k',
chr(196).chr(184) => 'k', chr(196).chr(185) => 'L',
chr(196).chr(186) => 'l', chr(196).chr(187) => 'L',
chr(196).chr(188) => 'l', chr(196).chr(189) => 'L',
chr(196).chr(190) => 'l', chr(196).chr(191) => 'L',
chr(197).chr(128) => 'l', chr(197).chr(129) => 'L',
chr(197).chr(130) => 'l', chr(197).chr(131) => 'N',
chr(197).chr(132) => 'n', chr(197).chr(133) => 'N',
chr(197).chr(134) => 'n', chr(197).chr(135) => 'N',
chr(197).chr(136) => 'n', chr(197).chr(137) => 'N',
chr(197).chr(138) => 'n', chr(197).chr(139) => 'N',
chr(197).chr(140) => 'O', chr(197).chr(141) => 'o',
chr(197).chr(142) => 'O', chr(197).chr(143) => 'o',
chr(197).chr(144) => 'O', chr(197).chr(145) => 'o',
chr(197).chr(146) => 'OE',chr(197).chr(147) => 'oe',
chr(197).chr(148) => 'R',chr(197).chr(149) => 'r',
chr(197).chr(150) => 'R',chr(197).chr(151) => 'r',
chr(197).chr(152) => 'R',chr(197).chr(153) => 'r',
chr(197).chr(154) => 'S',chr(197).chr(155) => 's',
chr(197).chr(156) => 'S',chr(197).chr(157) => 's',
chr(197).chr(158) => 'S',chr(197).chr(159) => 's',
chr(197).chr(160) => 'S', chr(197).chr(161) => 's',
chr(197).chr(162) => 'T', chr(197).chr(163) => 't',
chr(197).chr(164) => 'T', chr(197).chr(165) => 't',
chr(197).chr(166) => 'T', chr(197).chr(167) => 't',
chr(197).chr(168) => 'U', chr(197).chr(169) => 'u',
chr(197).chr(170) => 'U', chr(197).chr(171) => 'u',
chr(197).chr(172) => 'U', chr(197).chr(173) => 'u',
chr(197).chr(174) => 'U', chr(197).chr(175) => 'u',
chr(197).chr(176) => 'U', chr(197).chr(177) => 'u',
chr(197).chr(178) => 'U', chr(197).chr(179) => 'u',
chr(197).chr(180) => 'W', chr(197).chr(181) => 'w',
chr(197).chr(182) => 'Y', chr(197).chr(183) => 'y',
chr(197).chr(184) => 'Y', chr(197).chr(185) => 'Z',
chr(197).chr(186) => 'z', chr(197).chr(187) => 'Z',
chr(197).chr(188) => 'z', chr(197).chr(189) => 'Z',
chr(197).chr(190) => 'z', chr(197).chr(191) => 's',
// Euro Sign
chr(226).chr(130).chr(172) => 'E',
// GBP (Pound) Sign
chr(194).chr(163) => '');
$string = strtr($string, $chars);
} else {
// Assume ISO-8859-1 if not UTF-8
$chars['in'] = chr(128).chr(131).chr(138).chr(142).chr(154).chr(158)
.chr(159).chr(162).chr(165).chr(181).chr(192).chr(193).chr(194)
.chr(195).chr(196).chr(197).chr(199).chr(200).chr(201).chr(202)
.chr(203).chr(204).chr(205).chr(206).chr(207).chr(209).chr(210)
.chr(211).chr(212).chr(213).chr(214).chr(216).chr(217).chr(218)
.chr(219).chr(220).chr(221).chr(224).chr(225).chr(226).chr(227)
.chr(228).chr(229).chr(231).chr(232).chr(233).chr(234).chr(235)
.chr(236).chr(237).chr(238).chr(239).chr(241).chr(242).chr(243)
.chr(244).chr(245).chr(246).chr(248).chr(249).chr(250).chr(251)
.chr(252).chr(253).chr(255);
$chars['out'] = "EfSZszYcYuAAAAAACEEEEIIIINOOOOOOUUUUYaaaaaaceeeeiiiinoooooouuuuyy";
$string = strtr($string, $chars['in'], $chars['out']);
$double_chars['in'] = array(chr(140), chr(156), chr(198), chr(208), chr(222), chr(223), chr(230), chr(240), chr(254));
$double_chars['out'] = array('OE', 'oe', 'AE', 'DH', 'TH', 'ss', 'ae', 'dh', 'th');
$string = str_replace($double_chars['in'], $double_chars['out'], $string);
}
return $string;
}
$str = "ÈâuÑ";
echo remove_accents($str); // Output: EauN
?>
I wrote this in php. I hope it helps someone. It avoids me having to use iconv.
//
// This function takes a string with international accented characters and anglicizes it.
// For example, "Hafþór Júlíus Björnsson" becomes "Hafthor Julius Bjornsson"
//
function anglicize($string) {
$accented = array("À","Á","Â","Ã","Ä","Å","Æ", "Ç","È","É","Ê","Ë","Ì","Í","Î","Ï","Ð","Ñ","Ò","Ó","Ô","Õ","Ö","Ø","Ù","Ú","Û","Ü","Þ", "ß", "à","á","â","ã","ä","å","æ", "ç","è","é","ê","ë","ì","í","î","ï","ð","ñ","ò","ó","ô","õ","ö","ø","ù","ú","û","ü","þ", "Ā","ā","Ă","ă","Ą","ą","Ć","ć","Ĉ","ĉ","Ċ","ċ","Č","č","Ď","ď","Đ","đ","Ē","ē","Ĕ","ĕ","Ė","ė","Ę","ę","Ě","ě","Ĝ","ĝ","Ğ","ğ","Ġ","ġ","Ģ","ģ","Ĥ","ĥ","Ħ","ħ","Ĩ","ĩ","Ī","ī","Ĭ","ĭ","Į","į","İ","ı","IJ", "ij", "Ĵ","ĵ","Ķ","ķ","Ĺ","ĺ","Ļ","ļ","Ľ","ľ","Ŀ","ŀ","Ł","ł","Ń","ń","Ņ","ņ","Ň","ň","ʼn","Ō","ō","Ŏ","ŏ","Ő","ő","Œ", "œ", "Ŕ","ŕ","Ŗ","ŗ","Ř","ř","Ś","ś","Ŝ","ŝ","Ş","ş","Š","š","Ţ","ţ","Ť","ť","Ŧ","ŧ","Ũ","ũ","Ū","ū","Ŭ","ŭ","Ů","ů","Ű","ű","Ų","ų","ſ","ƒ","DŽ", "Dž", "dž", "LJ", "Lj", "lj", "NJ", "Nj", "nj", "DZ", "Dz", "dz", "Ș","ș","Ț","ț","Ḁ","ḁ","Ḃ","ḃ","Ḅ","ḅ","Ḇ","ḇ","Ḉ","ḉ","Ḋ","ḋ","Ḍ","ḍ","Ḏ","ḏ","Ḑ","ḑ","Ḓ","ḓ","Ḕ","ḕ","Ḗ","ḗ","Ḙ","ḙ","Ḛ","ḛ","Ḝ","ḝ","Ḟ","ḟ","Ḡ","ḡ","Ḣ","ḣ","Ḥ","ḥ","Ḧ","ḧ","Ḩ","ḩ","Ḫ","ḫ","Ḭ","ḭ","Ḯ","ḯ","Ḱ","ḱ","Ḳ","ḳ","Ḵ","ḵ","Ḷ","ḷ","Ḹ","ḹ","Ḻ","ḻ","Ḽ","ḽ","Ḿ","ḿ","Ṁ","ṁ","Ṃ","ṃ","Ṅ","ṅ","Ṇ","ṇ","Ṉ","ṉ","Ṋ","ṋ","Ṍ","ṍ","Ṏ","ṏ","Ṑ","ṑ","Ṓ","ṓ","Ṕ","ṕ","Ṗ","ṗ","Ṙ","ṙ","Ṛ","ṛ","Ṝ","ṝ","Ṟ","ṟ","Ṡ","ṡ","Ṣ","ṣ","Ṥ","ṥ","Ṧ","ṧ","Ṩ","ṩ","Ṫ","ṫ","Ṭ","ṭ","Ṯ","ṯ","Ṱ","ṱ","Ṳ","ṳ","Ṵ","ṵ","Ṷ","ṷ","Ṹ","ṹ","Ṻ","ṻ","Ṽ","ṽ","Ṿ","ṿ","Ẁ","ẁ","Ẃ","ẃ","Ẅ","ẅ","Ẇ","ẇ","Ẉ","ẉ","Ẋ","ẋ","Ẍ","ẍ","Ẏ","ẏ","Ẑ","ẑ","Ẓ","ẓ","Ẕ","ẕ","ẖ","ẗ","ẘ","ẙ","ẚ","ẞ","Ạ","ạ","Ả","ả","Ấ","ấ","Ầ","ầ","Ẩ","ẩ","Ẫ","ẫ","Ậ","ậ","Ắ","ắ","Ằ","ằ","Ẳ","ẳ","Ẵ","ẵ","Ặ","ặ","Ẹ","ẹ","Ẻ","ẻ","Ẽ","ẽ","Ế","ế","Ề","ề","Ể","ể","Ễ","ễ","Ệ","ệ","Ỉ","ỉ","Ị","ị","Ọ","ọ","Ỏ","ỏ","Ố","ố","Ồ","ồ","Ổ","ổ","Ỗ","ỗ","Ộ","ộ","Ớ","ớ","Ờ","ờ","Ở","ở","Ỡ","ỡ","Ợ","ợ","Ụ","ụ","Ủ","ủ","Ứ","ứ","Ừ","ừ","Ử","ử","Ữ","ữ","Ự","ự","Ỳ","ỳ","Ỵ","ỵ","Ỷ","ỷ","Ỹ","ỹ");
$nonaccented = array("A","A","A","A","A","A","AE","C","E","E","E","E","I","I","I","I","D","N","O","O","O","O","O","O","U","U","U","U","Th","ss","a","a","a","a","a","a","ae","c","e","e","e","e","i","i","i","i","d","n","o","o","o","o","o","o","u","u","u","u","th","A","a","A","a","A","a","C","c","C","c","C","c","C","c","D","d","D","d","E","e","E","e","E","e","E","e","E","e","G","g","G","g","G","g","G","g","H","h","H","h","I","i","I","i","I","i","I","i","I","i","IJ","ij","J","j","K","k","L","l","L","l","L","l","L","l","L","l","N","n","N","n","N","n","n","O","o","O","o","O","o","OE","oe","R","r","R","r","R","r","S","s","S","s","S","s","S","s","T","t","T","t","T","t","U","u","U","u","U","u","U","u","U","u","U","u","s","f","DZ","Dz","dz","LJ","Lj","lj","NJ","Nj","nj","DZ","Dz","dz","S","s","T","t","A","a","B","b","B","b","B","b","C","c","D","d","D","d","D","d","D","d","D","d","E","e","E","e","E","e","E","e","E","e","F","f","G","g","H","h","H","h","H","h","H","h","H","h","I","i","I","i","K","k","K","k","K","k","L","l","L","l","L","l","L","l","M","m","M","m","M","m","N","n","N","n","N","n","N","n","O","o","O","o","O","o","O","o","P","p","P","p","R","r","R","r","R","r","R","r","S","s","S","s","S","s","S","s","S","s","T","t","T","t","T","t","T","t","U","u","U","u","U","u","U","u","U","u","V","v","V","v","W","w","W","w","W","w","W","w","W","w","X","x","X","x","Y","y","Z","z","Z","z","Z","z","h","t","w","y","a","B","A","a","A","a","A","a","A","a","A","a","A","a","A","a","A","a","A","a","A","a","A","a","A","a","E","e","E","e","E","e","E","e","E","e","E","e","E","e","E","e","I","i","I","i","O","o","O","o","O","o","O","o","O","o","O","o","O","o","O","o","O","o","O","o","O","o","O","o","U","u","U","u","U","u","U","u","U","u","U","u","U","u","Y","y","Y","y","Y","y","Y","y");
return str_replace($accented,$nonaccented,$string);
}