Ability to add non-SMS non-Apple 2FA to an Apple ID?

I would like to add non-SMS, non-Apple multi-factor authentication to my Apple ID.

1Password TOTP

Specifically the "code generator"-type Time-based One-Time Password (TOTP) based on RFC 6238 implemented by client apps such as:

Google Authenticator
Microsoft Authenticator
Yubico Authenticator
Authy
1Password
LastPass
etc.

I do not see any such option. Is this type of authentication available for Apple ID?

I am also interested in adding YubiKey or other similar non-SMS hardware or software multi-factor solutions.

Note: I am able to add Apple's proprietary "two-factor authentication for Apple ID" integrated within iOS and macOS as an alternative to SMS-based "two-step verification". This question is asking instead for a 3rd-party-compatible two-factor mechanism that does not involve using an Apple device signed in to iCloud.

Does TOTP in 1Password work with Apple ID?
Developer Apple ID’s to Require Two-Factor Authentication

No, you cannot use TOTP-authentication as implemented by for example Google Authenticator (i.e. RFC6238) with Apple-ID. The only supported system is Apple's own system, which works very similarly to TOTP.

This hasn't got anything to do with the SMS-requirement at all.

As a collary to the above, hardware-based OATH-TOTP solutions such as a YubiKey won't work with Apple-IDs either.

Ability to add non-SMS non-Apple 2FA to an Apple ID?

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