Is it possible to find a printer's physical location in a building by its IP adress?

The answer is no, not really. An IP address alone isn't enough information to physically locate a device in a large campus.

While most network administrators are fairly organized, and assign IP addresses in ways that make sense, you can't count on it enough to be certain you can locate a device. (You can guess a device's location by things like its name or the fact that its IP is in the same range as, say, the computers in the art building, but that doesn't mean the printer isn't actually located in the science wing.)

And mapping software cannot give you an exact physical map of a network, either, only an approximate network layout.

If you need to know where a device is, the IP and name and number of hops are all very good clues, but none of them can tell you for certain exactly where the device is physically located. All the suggestions in this thread, though, give you great social engineering methods for finding a device without contacting the network administrator!

I can't believe no one suggested this yet but check to see if the printer has a DNS name

ping -a 192.168.0.200

It may have a good DNS name like "ColorRoom203"

Depends on the topology of the network.

My old school used a single subnet, and whilst they had static ips, they used 10.x.y.z where x was building, y was room, and z was machine/device.

If they do something similar, you may be in luck. If they however use DHCP, I don't think you stand a chance.

If you fancy some detective work, you can try to ping devices and test the latency from different rooms to narrow it down, but again, it depends on the network layout and to be honest, I doubt this will work.