What is the opposite of engraved text?

Solution 1:

The word you are looking for is embossed.

emboss
Carve, mould, or stamp a design on (a surface or object) so that it stands out in relief:

‘an embossed brass dish’

‘the silverware is embossed with falcons’

Regarding embossed stone, you can see the websites of two monument masons using the term here:

Embossed - Background sandblasted away leaving letter raised with polished face.

and here:

Embossed - The polished lettering is left on the face of the stone with the background removed to form the wording.

Solution 2:

If you are talking about raised letters on stone, you would never call it embossed.

(There are various techniques for making "raised things". Molding, relief carving, vacuum forming, etc. Embossed refers to the technique for making raised things, namely, pushed through, hammered through, rubbed through.)

So, you mean the extreme bottom left image on a website advertising Stone Carving and Letter Cutting:

In general that's called relief carving or bas relief carving. Exactly as Josh mentions you really just call it "raised lettering."

Notice the sculptor's flowers on the top right - that is relief carving. So you start higher-up and carve away, ingeniously making it look like it popped up from a surface which began flat.

(I've never had a stonemason or carver do relief lettering, but when you have them do something like the flowers in that top right examples, sure, you just call it "relief carving". As opposed to like "carving in the round", a 3D sculpture, example an everyday 3D statue you see in a park.)

Notice the same craftsman calls it deep relief when subjectively you get more in to it (and go back "behind yourself"), e.g. see the flowers at the top right.