Windows boot camp option missing in Startup Disk selection

You can set the default boot partition from the option-boot screen. Press the Control key while clicking the arrow beneath the drive, and that should do the trick.

I found a different way that worked for me. Not only was the Bootcamp showing only the generic name (Windows) of my Windows 7 partition and not its true name (SSD Windows), but the startup preferences menu likewise omitted to list my Windows partition as a startup option.

First I executed the repair function on the Bootcamp drive and partition, which found a few minor errors and repaired them, but this did not solve my problem.

Then I booted to the Windows partition (ensuring I was logged in as an Administrator) and performed the following operation:

1. Go to Start menu
2. In the search field search for "cmd.exe"
3. When it appears in the search results, click on it to open
4. The command.exe window will open
5. Enter the command sfc/scannow (this will run the sfc utility to check and repairs system files when possible).
6. In my case this also found errors and I needed to reboot to fix them.
7. After the windows reboot, I then rebooted into OS X.

After following the above process, not only did Bootcamp have the true name of my Windows partition, but it was also listed as one of my Startup Disk options!