How do I install MATLAB via the ISO?

Assuming that image is named R2015b_glnxa64.iso, simply mount ISO:

sudo mkdir -p /media/iso
sudo mount -o ro,loop ./R2015b_glnxa64.iso /media/iso

run the installation script:

sudo /media/iso/install

and finally unmount image:

sudo umount /media/iso

You need to give executable permission to sys/java/jre/glnx86/jre/bin/java.