warning C4003 and errors C2589 and C2059 on: x = std::numeric_limits<int>::max();

This commonly occurs when including a Windows header that defines a min or max macro. If you're using Windows headers, put #define NOMINMAX in your code, or build with the equivalent compiler switch (i.e. use /DNOMINMAX for Visual Studio).

Note that building with NOMINMAX disables use of the macro in your entire program. If you need to use the min or max operations, use std::min() or std::max() from the <algorithm> header.

Other solution would be to wrap function name with parenthesis like this: (std::numeric_limits<int>::max)(). Same applies to std::max.

Not sure it's good solution for this... NOMINMAX is better IMO, but this could be an option in some cases.

Some other header file is polluting the global name space with a max macro. You can fix that by undefining the macro:

#undef max
x = std::numeric_limits<int>::max();

#ifdef max
#pragma push_macro("max")
#undef max
#define _restore_max_
#endif

#include <limits>

//... your stuff that uses limits

#ifdef _restore_max_
#pragma pop_macro("max")
#undef _restore_max_
#endif

(std::numeric_limits::max)()

Easy as pie.