How can I use ranges in a switch case statement using JavaScript?

How can I use ranges in a switch case statement using JavaScript? So, instead of writing code for each and every single possibility, I'd like to group them in ranges, For example:

switch(myInterval){
   case 0-2:
      //doStuffWithFirstRange();
      break;

   case 3-6:
      //doStuffWithSecondRange();
      break;

   case 6-7:
      //doStuffWithThirdRange();
      break;

   default:
      //doStuffWithAllOthers();
}

Solution 1:

You have at least four options:

1. List each case

As shown by LightStyle, you can list each case explicitly:

switch(myInterval){

    case 0:
    case 1:
    case 2:
        doStuffWithFirstRange();
        break;

    case 3:
    case 4:
    case 5:
        doStuffWithSecondRange();
        break;

    case 6:
    case 7:
        doStuffWithThirdRange();
        break;

    default:
        doStuffWithAllOthers();
}

2. Use if / else if / else

If the ranges are large, that gets unwieldy, so you'd want to do ranges. Note that with if...else if...else if, you don't get to the later ones if an earlier one matches, so you only have to specify the upper bound each time. I'll include the lower bound in /*...*/ for clarity, but normally you would leave it off to avoid introducing a maintenance issue (if you include both boundaries, it's easy to change one and forget to change the other):

if (myInterval < 0) {
    // I'm guessing this is an error
}
else if (/* myInterval >= 0 && */ myInterval <= 2){
    doStuffWithFirstRange();
}
else if (/* myInterval >= 3 && */ myInterval <= 5) {
    doStuffWithSecondRange();
}
else if (/* myInterval >= 6 && */ myInterval <= 7) {
    doStuffWithThirdRange();
}
else {
    doStuffWithAllOthers();
}

3. Use case with expressions:

JavaScript is unusual in that you can use expressions in the case statement, so we can write the if...else if...else if sequence above as a switch statement:

switch (true){

    case myInterval < 0:
        // I'm guessing this is an error
        break;    
    case /* myInterval >= 0 && */ myInterval <= 2:
        doStuffWithFirstRange();
        break;

    case /* myInterval >= 3 && */ myInterval <= 5:
        doStuffWithSecondRange();
        break;

    case /* myInterval >= 6 && */ myInterval <= 7:
        doStuffWithThirdRange();
        break;

    default:
        doStuffWithAllOthers();
}

I'm not advocating that, but it is an option in JavaScript, and there are times it's useful. The case statements are checked in order against the value you give in the switch. (And again, lower bounds could be omitted in many cases because they would have matched earlier.) Even though the cases are processed in source-code order, the default can appear anywhere (not just at the end) and is only processed if either no cases matched or a case matched and fell through to the default (didn't have a break; it's rare you want to do that, but it happens).

4. Use a dispatch map

If your functions all take the same arguments (and that could be no arguments, or just the same ones), another approach is a dispatch map:

In some setup code:

var dispatcher = {
    0: doStuffWithFirstRange,
    1: doStuffWithFirstRange,
    2: doStuffWithFirstRange,

    3: doStuffWithSecondRange,
    4: doStuffWithSecondRange,
    5: doStuffWithSecondRange,

    6: doStuffWithThirdRange,
    7: doStuffWithThirdRange
};

Then instead of the switch:

(dispatcher[myInterval] || doStuffWithAllOthers)();

That works by looking up the function to call on the dispatcher map, defaulting to doStuffWithAllOthers if there's no entry for that specific myInterval value using the curiously-powerful || operator, and then calling it.

You can break that into two lines to make it a bit clearer:

var f = dispatcher[myInterval] || doStuffWithAllOthers;
f();

I've used an object for maximum flexibility. You could define dispatcher like this with your specific example:

var dispatcher = [
    /* 0-2 */
    doStuffWithFirstRange,
    doStuffWithFirstRange,
    doStuffWithFirstRange,

    /* 3-5 */
    doStuffWithSecondRange,
    doStuffWithSecondRange,
    doStuffWithSecondRange,

    /* 6-7 */
    doStuffWithThirdRange,
    doStuffWithThirdRange
];

...but if the values aren't contiguous numbers, it's much clearer to use an object instead.

Solution 2:

The ranges in this example are pretty small, but here's how one can handle larger ranges, per the JavaScript MDN Docs:

// The value we'll be evaluating:
let code = 100;

// Matches for any case where the expression === `true`:
switch (true) {
  case code <= 64:
    return "Your number is 64 or less!";
    break;
  case code >= 65 && code <= 90:
    return "Your number is in the range of 65-90!";
    break;
  case code >= 97 && code <= 122:
    return "Your number is in the range of 97-122!";
    break;
  case code >= 123:
    return "Your number is 123 or greater!";
    break;
  default:
    break;
}

I know that this style was already shown by T.J. Crowder via Use case with Expressions, but I just wanted to show another example of how to utilize this same method. I just did this and had thought maybe another example might help someone, as I was still a little confused after reading other replies.

Solution 3:

Is this maybe what you need?

switch(myInterval){

    case 0:
    case 1:
    case 2:
        //doStuff();
        break;

    case 3:
    case 4:
    case 5:
    case 6:
        //doStuff();
        break;

    case 6:
    case 7:
        //doStuff();
        break;

    default:
        //doStuff();
}

If you know the range is going to be very high(for example 0-100) you can also do this, which is surely easier, cleaner and simpler:

if (myInterval >= 0 && myInterval <= 20) {
    //doStuff();
} else if (myInterval > 20 && myInterval <= 60) {
    //doStuff();
} else if (myInterval > 60 && myInterval <= 70) {
    //doStuff();
} else /* it is greater than 70 */ {
    //doStuff();
}

Solution 4:

If your ranges are the same and start from 0 you can do some math.

doStuffWithRange(Math.floor(myInterval/range));

For example, if you want RED, GREEN, and BLUE to the map like your example:

• Range 0-2 maps to RED
• Range 3-6 maps to GREEN
• Range 7-8 maps to BLUE

You can write:

function colorInterval(n, max) {
     var colors = ["RED", "GREEN", "BLUE"];
     var range = max/colors.length
     return colors[Math.floor(n/range)];
 }

//You get 3 of RED, 3 of GREEN, 2 of BLUE
for (var i=0; i<8; i++) {
    console.log(colorInterval(i, 8));
} 

Note that the last range in the example is 2, not 3 and this still works as long as the previous ranges are the same.