Are there any drawbacks to using localStorage instead of Cookies?

On my previous websites, I used to use a cookie to display a pre-home page only on the first visit. That worked great (see for example here), but using cookies is not so trendy today, so I want to avoid it as much as possible.

Now, my new website projects almost always have pre-home launched via javascript (showing a modalbox), so I don't need to do any action on the server side. I'm considering to use HTML5 localStorage instead of cookies, with a fallback on cookies if the browser does not have localStorage. Is this a good idea? What is the impact in terms of usability, privacy protection and website performance?

Using localStorage will improve usability for users that have disabled cookies. But I know that some HTML5 features are only opt-in (like geolocalisation) in some browser. Is there any restriction like that for localStorage on any browser ? Is there any case where I will get a JS error if localStorage is available but deactivated for my site ?

Usability

The user will not know if you are using localStorage or a cookie. If a user disable cookies, localStorage will not work either.

Performance

There is no noticeable speed difference between the two methods.

sessionStorage

sessionStorage is only for that browser tab's session. If you close the tab, the session will be lost and the data will be lost too, it's similar to a session variable on any backend language.

localStorage

localStorage will be available for any tab or window in the browser, and will exist until it is deleted by the user or the program. Unlike a cookie, you cannot setup expiration. localStorage has a much larger storage limit as well.

Your Questions

1. You are not using this data server side, so you don't need a cookie. localStorage is never sent to the server unlike a cookie.
2. If the user disables the cookies, localStorage will not work either.

Fallback Example

You can use a Modernizr to verify if localStorage is available and if not, use store a cookie instead.

if (Modernizr.localstorage) {
    // supports HTML5 Storage :D
} else {
    // does not support HTML5 Storage :(
}

You can also forego Modernizr and use the check typeof Storage !== 'undefined'.

Comparing LS vs cookies is comparing apples to oranges.

Cookies and LS are completely different things for different purposes. LS is a tool that allows your client (javascript code) to store its data locally, without transmitting it to the server. Cookies is a tool for the client-server communication. The whole point of cookies is to be sent over with each request.

In the past cookies were often abused to emulate the local storage, just because it was the only possibility for a javascript application to write anything to the client's hard drive. But generally LS is not a replacement for cookies, so if you need something that both client and server should read and write, use cookies, not LS.