What is the difference between translation and transliteration [closed]

It's always intrigued me what the difference is between these two terms.

I can guess that translation is a contextual translation whereby the original foreign text is maintained with any language idiosyncrasies intact, whereas transliteration is translating the text verbatim, during which any context may be lost.

Any help clearing up this would be appreciated, and an example from another language would be awesome!

Thanks is advance.

Transliteration is a conversion in the script. eg:

arabic كتاب = ktʾb (ISO-233)

hebrew זכר = zkr (ISO 259-3)

Transcription is a conversion according to the phonological rules. The IPA is one common target for such conversion:

arabic كتاب = ktaːb (direct transcription, omitting unwritten vowels)

Translation translates text from one language to another

arabic كتاب = book

Transliteration is a subset of translation. Translation can be categorised into various levels. Let us use Leviticus 18:22 as an example of various levels of translation ...

In Hebrew:
ואת זכר לא תשכב משכבי אשּה תועבה הוא

1. Translation level: transliteration (word-by-word literal translation)

   ואת = and with/to/at
   זכר = male
   לא = no/do not
   תשכב = shall sleep/lie-down
   משכבי = beds of
   אשּה = woman
   תועבה = abomination
   הוא = is he/it

2. Translation level: transliteration (grammatical unit phrase-by-phrase literal translation)

   ואת זכר = and with male
   לא תשכב = shall you not sleep/lie-down
   משכבי אשּה = a woman's beds
   תועבה הוא = it is an abomination

3. Translation level: whole phrase non-contextual (independent of surrounding passages)

   You should not lie-down/sleep a woman's bed with a male. It's an abomination.

4. Translation level: whole phrase contextual with passage (which in this case is not much different from the non-contextual.

   You should not sleep on a woman's bed with a male. It's an abomination.

5. Translation level: interpretive (translation of passage subject to dogma/doctrines not found in the passage)

   • Cultural conservative:
     You should not sleep with a man as you would a woman. It's an abomination.

   • Grammatical fundamentalist:
     You should not sleep with a man on a woman's bed. It's an abomination.

   • Liberal:
     You should not sleep with your male spouse on your female spouse's bed. It's an abomination.

   • Creative:
     You should not have sex with your male spouse the same way as you would your female spouse. It's gross. Use different techniques.

   • Graffiti:
     You should not sleep with a male on a woman's beds. He is an abomination.

Appendix: due to masm:

1. Translation level: none. char transliteration

   ואת = B'ET
   זכר = ZKR
   לא = LO
   תשכב = TShKB
   משכבי = MShKBI
   אשּה = AShH
   תועבה = TOABH
   הוא = HUA

2. Translation level: none. grammatical char transliteration

   ואת = V'ET
   זכר = ZaKaR
   לא = LO
   תשכב = TIShKaV
   משכבי = MiShKVI
   אשּה = EiShaH
   תועבה = TOEiVaH
   הוא = HU

Translation is meaning of something in language other than the one in which it was said/written.

Transliteration gives the word from a different language in letters that you can understand so as to be able to pronounce it .