How is "stripping such words as remained of orthodox meanings" meant to be understood grammatically?

The phrase 'as remained' does not belong with 'of orthodox meanings', it belongs with 'stripping such words'. It helps to take the sentence apart:

This was done .... chiefly by eliminating undesirable words...

This was achieved by removing unwanted words...

... and by stripping [such words as remained] of orthodox meanings, and so far as possible of all secondary meanings whatever."

ie stripping those [words which were left after you have eliminated the undesirable ones] of their orthodox meanings.

I read it as meaning:

stripping (removing) the orthodox meanings from any words which (still remained) after the undesirable words had been eliminated (removed).