Using rsync on WSL (Bash for Windows 10) for incremental backups
Calculating the size of hard links in Windows
It's difficult to calculate the size of hard-linked files in Windows. One tool that allows you to do this is TreeSize Professional (not free, analysis of hard links is switched off by default). I used this tool and it correctly estimated the size of the hard-linked files.
For a more thorough discussion, see How can I check the actual size used in an NTFS directory with many hardlinks?
Are the files actually working?
As for the other part of the question, is it risky to backup files using Linux tools under Windows on WSL? I decided to test this simply by copying one of the snapshot directories to a separate external hard drive. There were no problems copying the files, or reading them from the external drive. In other words, the hard links are behaving exactly as expected, and the files are working.
Long-term data stability
So down to the final point, could using Linux tools under WSL as part of my regular backups break something, such as corrupting the file system? Do I trust WSL not to break things majorly? Anything can break at any time, so I will make sure these snapshot directories get copied periodically to a separate drive.