How to change the extension of each file in a list with multiple extensions in GNU make?

Solution 1:

Substituting extensions in a list of whitespace-separated file names is a common requirement, and there are built-in features for this. If you want to add an x at the end of every name in the list:

FILES_OUT = $(FILES_IN:=x)

The general form is $(VARIABLE:OLD_SUFFIX=NEW_SUFFIX). This takes the value of VARIABLE and replaces OLD_SUFFIX at the end of each word that ends with this suffix by NEW_SUFFIX (non-matching words are left unchanged). GNU make calls this feature (which exists in every make implementation) substitution references.

If you just want to change .doc into .docx and .xls into .xlsx using this feature, you need to use an intermediate variable.

FILES_OUT_1 = $(FILES_IN:.doc=.docx)
FILES_OUT = $(FILES_OUT_1:.xls=.xlsx)

You can also use the slightly more general syntax $(VARIABLE:OLD_PREFIX%OLD_SUFFIX=NEW_PREFIX%NEW_SUFFIX). This feature is not unique to GNU make, but it is not as portable as the plain suffix-changing substitution.

There is also a GNU make feature that lets you chain multiple substitutions on the same line: the patsubst function.

FILES_OUT = $(patsubst %.xls,%.xlsx,$(patsubst %.doc,%.docx,$(FILES_IN)))