Docker container with random date

Solution 1:

Following up on Adrian's comment (which should have been an answer):

According the linuxserver FAQ this is a known issue with docker and ubuntu focal images since March 2020.

It seems it is related to outdated libseccomp (the only dependency from Docker besides kernel itself) which explains why a privileged container was not affected (syscall filtering disabled).

They list possible resolution steps.
In my case (as OP), I'm using Buster, so installing an up to date libseccomp from buster-backports solved the issue

 sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys 04EE7237B7D453EC 648ACFD622F3D138
 echo "deb http://deb.debian.org/debian buster-backports main" | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list.d/buster-backports.list
 sudo apt update
 sudo apt install -t buster-backports libseccomp2