clone nvme drive with 4096 sector size to ssd with 512 sector size
Solution 1:
GPT and MBR use sectors numbers to assign partitions. You need create new GPT table on new disk with partitions which have the same sizes in bytes as partitions on old disk. Then you can copy from old disk to new disk each partition:
dd if=/dev/sda1 of=/dev/sdb1 ibs=4096 obs=512 bs=16M