Inkscape extremely slow on new, powerful computer

Your laptop is fine. It is actually more than well-equipped to handle working with vector graphics.

The issue here is with Inkscape, itself, which renders to screen quite slowly, due to a complete lack of GPU acceleration. This is especially true when working with blur and filters.

There are a few tricks for minimizing the performance impact of more complex images in Inkscape. They involve working in multiple layers, for more complex projects, working in view modes (i.e., to toggle viewing with and without filters), and disabling the view of layers not being actively worked on.

Really, this needs to be fixed in Inkscape, which can be become unbearably slow, even when working on modest projects.

After two years working with incredibly slow inkskape on windows 10 I found the reason on my computer. I found an old Inkscape-0.48 folder under C:\Program Files. It included an old python installation. Since I removed that old Inkscape folder with admin rigths, the currently installed inkscape runs again with normal speed.

Since 0.91 release the Inkscape is very slow. Latest 1.0beta1 is faster but is slow when panning.
If you don't need the new extra features, install the very fast 0.48.5 release.