Best way to create a hashmap of arraylist

You don't need to re-add the ArrayList back to your Map. If the ArrayList already exists then just add your value to it.

An improved implementation might look like:

Map<String, Collection<String>> map = new HashMap<String, Collection<String>>();

while processing each line:

String user = user field from line
String value = value field from line

Collection<String> values = map.get(user);
if (values==null) {
    values = new ArrayList<String>();
    map.put(user, values)
}
values.add(value);

Follow-up April 2014 - I wrote the original answer back in 2009 when my knowledge of Google Guava was limited. In light of all that Google Guava does, I now recommend using its Multimap instead of reinvent it.

Multimap<String, String> values = HashMultimap.create();
values.put("user1", "value1");
values.put("user2", "value2");
values.put("user3", "value3");
values.put("user1", "value4");

System.out.println(values.get("user1"));
System.out.println(values.get("user2"));
System.out.println(values.get("user3"));

Outputs:

[value4, value1]
[value2]
[value3]

Use Multimap from Google Collections. It allows multiple values for the same key

https://google.github.io/guava/releases/19.0/api/docs/com/google/common/collect/Multimap.html

Since Java 8 you can use map.computeIfAbsent

https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/util/Map.html#computeIfAbsent-K-java.util.function.Function-

Collection<String> values = map.computeIfAbsent(user, k -> new ArrayList<>());
values.add(value);