If chronyd isn't already running, a command similar to 'ntpdate pool.ntp.org' could be (since version 1.30):

chronyd -q 'server pool.ntp.org iburst'

If it's already running and it has some servers configured, an equivalent would be:

chronyc -a 'burst 4/4'

If you want chronyd to also step the clock instead of slewing if there is a larger offset and chrony.conf doesn't include an unlimited makestep directive, you will also need to wait until the new measurements are made and then tell chronyd to make the step:

sleep 10
chronyc -a makestep