Text manipulation with sed

You could do it with sed, yes, but other tools are simpler. For example:

$ awk '{
        printf "%s ", $2; 
        for(i=3;i<=NF;i++){
            printf "%s:%s:1 ",$1,$(i) 
        }
        print ""
       }' file 
0 565:10:1 565:12:1 565:23:1 565:18:1 565:17:1 565:25:1 
1 564:7:1 564:12:1 564:13:1 564:16:1 564:18:1 564:40:1 564:29:1 564:15:1 

Explanation

awk will split each line of input on whitespace (by default), saving each fields as $1, $2, $N. So:

• printf "%s ", $2; will print the 2nd field and a trailing space.
• for(i=3;i<=NF;i++){ printf "%s:%s:1 ",$1,$(i) } : will iterate over fields 3 to the last field (NF is the number of fields) and for each of them it will print the 1st field, a :, then the current field and a :1.
• print "" : this just prints a final newline.

Or Perl:

$ perl -ane 'print "$F[1] "; print "$F[0]:$_:1 " for @F[2..$#F]; print "\n"' file 
0 565:10:1 565:12:1 565:23:1 565:18:1 565:17:1 565:25:1 
1 564:7:1 564:12:1 564:13:1 564:16:1 564:18:1 564:40:1 564:29:1 564:15:1 

Explanation

The -a makes perl behave like awk and split its input on whitespace. Here, the fields are stored in the array @F, meaning that the 1st field will be $F[0], the 2nd $F[1] etc. So:

• print "$F[1] " : print the 2nd field.
• print "$F[0]:$_:1 " for @F[2..$#F]; : iterate over fields 3 to the last field ($#F is the number of elements in the array @F, so @F[2..$#F] takes an array slice starting at the 3rd element until the end of the array) and print the 1st field, a :, then the current field and a :1.
• print "\n" : this just prints a final newline.

Here is a horrible sed way!

$ sed -r 's/^([0-9]+) ([0-9]+) ([0-9]+)/\2 \1:\3:1/; :a s/([0-9]+)(:[0-9]+:1) ([0-9]+)( |$)/\1\2 \1:\3:1 /; t a; s/ $//' file
0 565:10:1 565:12:1 565:23:1 565:18:1 565:17:1 565:25:1 
1 564:7:1 564:12:1 564:13:1 564:16:1 564:18:1 564:40:1 564:29:1 564:15:1

More readably:

sed -r '
s/^([0-9]+) ([0-9]+) ([0-9]+)/\2 \1:\3:1/
:a 
s/([0-9]+)(:[0-9]+:1) ([0-9]+)( |$)/\1\2 \1:\3:1 /
t a
s/ $//'

Notes

• -r use ERE
• s/old/new/ replace old with new
• ^([0-9]+) save some numbers at the start of the line
• \1 backreference to first saved pattern
• :a label this section of the script a
• ( |$) either a space or the end of the line
• t test whether the last replacement was successful - if it was, then do the next command
• a find the label :a and do it again
• s/ $// remove the trailing space

So after adding the structure to the first part, we repeatedly find the last instance of the structure and apply it to the next number...

But I agree other tools make it easier...