Mocking member variables of a class using Mockito

You need to provide a way of accessing the member variables so you can pass in a mock (the most common ways would be a setter method or a constructor which takes a parameter).

If your code doesn't provide a way of doing this, it's incorrectly factored for TDD (Test Driven Development).

This is not possible if you can't change your code. But I like dependency injection and Mockito supports it:

public class First {    
    @Resource
    Second second;

    public First() {
        second = new Second();
    }

    public String doSecond() {
        return second.doSecond();
    }
}

Your test:

@RunWith(MockitoJUnitRunner.class)
public class YourTest {
   @Mock
   Second second;

   @InjectMocks
   First first = new First();

   public void testFirst(){
      when(second.doSecond()).thenReturn("Stubbed Second");
      assertEquals("Stubbed Second", first.doSecond());
   }
}

This is very nice and easy.

If you look closely at your code you'll see that the second property in your test is still an instance of Second, not a mock (you don't pass the mock to first in your code).

The simplest way would be to create a setter for second in First class and pass it the mock explicitly.

Like this:

public class First {

    Second second ;

    public First(){
        second = new Second();
    }

    public String doSecond(){
        return second.doSecond();
    }

    public void setSecond(Second second) {
        this.second = second;
    }


}

class Second {

    public String doSecond(){
        return "Do Something";
    }
}

....

public void testFirst(){
Second sec = mock(Second.class);
when(sec.doSecond()).thenReturn("Stubbed Second");


First first = new First();
first.setSecond(sec)
assertEquals("Stubbed Second", first.doSecond());
}

Another would be to pass a Second instance as First's constructor parameter.

If you can't modify the code, I think the only option would be to use reflection:

public void testFirst(){
    Second sec = mock(Second.class);
    when(sec.doSecond()).thenReturn("Stubbed Second");


    First first = new First();
    Field privateField = PrivateObject.class.
        getDeclaredField("second");

    privateField.setAccessible(true);

    privateField.set(first, sec);

    assertEquals("Stubbed Second", first.doSecond());
}

But you probably can, as it's rare to do tests on code you don't control (although one can imagine a scenario where you have to test an external library cause it's author didn't :))

If you can't change the member variable, then the other way around this is to use powerMockit and call

Second second = mock(Second.class)
when(second.doSecond()).thenReturn("Stubbed Second");
whenNew(Second.class).withAnyArguments.thenReturn(second);

Now the problem is that ANY call to new Second will return the same mocked instance. But in your simple case this will work.

Mocking member variables of a class using Mockito

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