"fuse: bad mount point No such file or directory" but the file exists
The order of the synopsis matters:
sshfs [user@]host:[dir] mountpoint [options]
Therefore you should use
$ sshfs [user@server] [/path/to/mountpoint] -o IdentityFile=/home/[user]/.ssh/id_rsa
as manual page for sshfs suggests.
Edit: You can't even ping the host, so the problem is in the network. Check if there is some firewall on the way or something else blocking the connection.