Why did my iPhone Notes stop syncing with Gmail?
Solution 1:
The problem is that Google's implementation of IMAP isn't really 100% IMAP, so it doesn't really support notes. I've been trying to get it to work for quite a while which ended up with me losing all my notes (although they may still be in the Google Mail archive somewhere).
I've actually given up trying to sync notes between my Mac/iPhone/Google and have gone for the Plain Text app which stores the notes on DropBox, this seems to work so much better. Now if only I could delete the Notes app from my iPhone.
Solution 2:
I'm not sure what fixed it (restarting the phone? waiting a few days?), but now the sync is back to normal and I see the spinner icon whenever the notes are updated.
Solution 3:
In GMail, I just removed my Notes label (dumping the prior notes into the general archive, probably a bad idea in retrospect not to give them a second label). In a bit, the Notes label was back, updated with notes.
I had this issue since April. This was attempted on iOS 7.1.1.
Data point: I had sublabels under Notes. Those sublabels have been there for a while, though.