Prompt overwrite file in echo

The > redirection is done by shell, not by echo. In fact, the shell does the redirection before the command is even started and by default shell will overwrite any file by that name if exists.

You can prevent the overwriting by shell if any file exists by using the noclobber shell option:

set -o noclobber

Example:

$ echo "new text" > existing_file.txt

$ set -o noclobber 

$ echo "another text" > existing_file.txt
bash: existing_file.txt: cannot overwrite existing file

To unset the option:

set +o noclobber

You won't get any option like taking user input to overwrite any existing file, without doing something manual like defining a function and use it every time.

Use test command (which is aliased by square brackets[ ) to see if file exists

$ if [ -w testfile  ]; then                                                                                               
> echo " Overwrite ? y/n "
> read ANSWER
> case $ANSWER in
>   [yY]) echo "new text" > testfile ;;
>   [nN]) echo "appending" >> testfile ;;
> esac
> fi  
 Overwrite ? y/n 
y

$ cat testfile
new text

Or turn that into a script:

$> ./confirm_overwrite.sh "testfile"  "some string"                                                                       
File exists. Overwrite? y/n
y
$> ./confirm_overwrite.sh "testfile"  "some string"                                                                       
File exists. Overwrite? y/n
n
OK, I won't touch the file
$> rm testfile                                                                                                            
$> ./confirm_overwrite.sh "testfile"  "some string"                                                                       
$> cat testfile
some string
$> cat confirm_overwrite.sh
if [ -w "$1" ]; then
   # File exists and write permission granted to user
   # show prompt
   echo "File exists. Overwrite? y/n"
   read ANSWER
   case $ANSWER in 
       [yY] ) echo "$2" > testfile ;;
       [nN] ) echo "OK, I won't touch the file" ;;
   esac
else
   # file doesn't exist or no write permission granted
   # will fail if no permission to write granted
   echo "$2" > "$1"
fi