"has been raised" or "was raised" in an academic journal [duplicate]

Solution 1:

If your intention was to tie the raising of said question to the event, it's possible to phrase it like this:

The May 6, 2010 ``Flash Crash’’ event provoked much questioning along the following lines: does High-Frequency Trading increase the likelihood of long tail and chaotic events in financial markets?

or alternatively (and I think it is better this way, without the question directly asked; more noticeably professional than any exclusion of "has been" or "was" would denote):

The May 6, 2010 ``Flash Crash’’ event caused many to question whether High-Frequency Trading increases the likelihood of long tail and chaotic events in financial markets.

I have to say, however, that I have never come across such a prohibition of "has been" or "was" in journals, and you should not feel like you have to abide strictly by such a restriction where it makes writing more awkward. Communication is the goal, after all.

Solution 2:

If you use the Past instead of the Perfect, you're speaking of the past events of the question being raised, instead of on the present relevance of the question. Then the next question is, naturally, "When?", and that's not where you want to lead the reader; it's a red herring.

Whereas the Existential sense of the Perfect is exactly what's needed here. It says there were occasions, but brushes aside the details to concentrate on the question, instead of when and where it was raised.

And who in the world ever told you that

in Academic Journals, you want to avoid "has been" and even "was" ?

I've been publishing in academic journals (no capitals necessary; this is just a category, not a Hallowed Title) for over 40 years now, and I've never heard of anything like this.

Trust me on this -- what you want to avoid in academic journals is being unclear, and getting your facts or references wrong. Pleasing one's English instructors by adhering to their quirks is much, much lower on the scale of values.