Using a broadcast intent/broadcast receiver to send messages from a service to an activity

So I understand (I think) about broadcast intents and receiving messages to them.

So now, my problem/what I can't work out is how to send a message from the onReceive method of a receiver to an activity. Lets say I have a receiver as such:

public class ReceiveMessages extends BroadcastReceiver 
{
@Override
   public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) 
   {    
       String action = intent.getAction();
       if(action.equalsIgnoreCase(TheService.DOWNLOADED)){    
           // send message to activity
       }
   }
}

How would I send a message to an activity?

Would I have to instantiate the receiver in the activity I want to send messages to and monitor it somehow? Or what? I understand the concept, but not really the application.

Any help would be absolutely amazing, thank you.

Tom

Solution 1:

EDITED Corrected code examples for registering/unregistering the BroadcastReceiver and also removed manifest declaration.

Define ReceiveMessages as an inner class within the Activity which needs to listen for messages from the Service.

Then, declare class variables such as...

ReceiveMessages myReceiver = null;
Boolean myReceiverIsRegistered = false;

In onCreate() use myReceiver = new ReceiveMessages();

Then in onResume()...

if (!myReceiverIsRegistered) {
    registerReceiver(myReceiver, new IntentFilter("com.mycompany.myapp.SOME_MESSAGE"));
    myReceiverIsRegistered = true;
}

...and in onPause()...

if (myReceiverIsRegistered) {
    unregisterReceiver(myReceiver);
    myReceiverIsRegistered = false;
}

In the Service create and broadcast the Intent...

Intent i = new Intent("com.mycompany.myapp.SOME_MESSAGE");
sendBroadcast(i);

And that's about it. Make the 'action' unique to your package / app, i.e., com.mycompany... as in my example. This helps avoiding a situation where other apps or system components might attempt to process it.

Solution 2:

No offense, but your question is still damn vague. So, I'm going to outline a whole mess of scenarios and hope that one of them actually hits whatever problem you think you have.

Scenario A: Only The Activity

If you only need to receive the broadcast when you have an activity in the foreground, have the activity register the BroadcastReceiver using registerReceiver(). As @MisterSquonk indicated, you would register the receiver in onResume() and unregister it in onPause().

Scenario B: Activity If In Foreground, Else Other; Ordered Broadcast

If you want the foreground activity to handle the broadcast, but you want something else to happen if that activity is not in the foreground (e.g., raise a Notification), and the broadcast is an ordered broadcast (e.g., incoming SMS), then you would still use the Scenario A solution, but with a higher-priority IntentFilter (see setPriority()). In addition, you would register a BroadcastReceiver via a <receiver> element in the manifest, with a lower-priority <intent-filter> for the same broadcast. In the activity's BroadcastReceiver, call abortBroadcast() to consume the event and prevent it from reaching your manifest-registered BroadcastReceiver.

Scenario C: Activity If In Foreground, Else Other; Regular Broadcast

If Scenario B almost fits, but the broadcast you are listening for is not an ordered broadcast, you will need to start with Scenario B. However, have the broadcast that both receivers have in their respective filters be one of your own, using a private action string as @MisterSquonk suggested. In addition, have another BroadcastReceiver registered in the manifest, whose <intent-filter> is for the real broadcast you're listening for. That receiver would simply call sendOrderedBroadcast() to send out the ordered broadcast that the other receivers are listening on.

Scenario D: Activity Regardless of Foreground

If some activity of yours needs to know about the broadcast, and it does not matter whether or not it is in the foreground, you need to rethink what you mean by that. Usually, this really means that the broadcast affects your data model in some way, in which case your concern should not be to let the activities know, but rather to update your data model, and use your already-existing "let the activities know about the data model change" logic handle the rest.

If, however, you are convinced that this is not part of your data model, you can implement Scenario B or Scenario C, plus stick some information in a static data member. Your activities can examine that static data member in onResume() to pick up the information about the broadcast when they return to the foreground.

If you're thinking "but, what if my process is terminated between the broadcast and the other activity coming to the foreground?", then your broadcast really is updating your data model, per the opening paragraph of this scenario.

If you're thinking "but, I want to update an activity that is doing work in the background", then the activity in question is broken. Activities should never be doing work in the background. That work should be delegated to some form of service, and there's a whole related set of scenarios for getting a broadcast to the service.

Solution 3:

To broadcast an intent:

Intent intent = new Intent("com.yourcompany.testIntent");
intent.putExtra("value","test");
sendBroadcast(intent);

To receive the same intent use:

IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter("com.yourcompany.testIntent");
        BroadcastReceiver receiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {
            @Override
            public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
              String value =  intent.getExtras().getString("value");
            }
        };
registerReceiver(receiver, filter);