What are the limits of a turret's attack range?

When you are standing under an enemy turret, but are not its target (say you are with a creep wave), damaging an enemy will make the turret target you. Does this have a range?

For example, if you are a champion like Teemo or Caitlyn that can place shrooms/traps that damage enemies, and an enemy walks into a trap in a different lane, will this cause the turret to attack you?

Is this possibly any different for more active long distance attacks (like Ashe or Ezreal's ulti)?

Both comments are right. The turret only attacks you if the enemy champion you damage is in range of the turret.

Source: http://leagueoflegends.wikia.com/wiki/Turret#Attack_Prioritization