from green to red color depend on percentage

A simple scheme using HSL along with fiddle:

function getColor(value){
    //value from 0 to 1
    var hue=((1-value)*120).toString(10);
    return ["hsl(",hue,",100%,50%)"].join("");
}

tweak saturation and luminosity as needed. and a fiddle.

function getColor(value) {
  //value from 0 to 1
  var hue = ((1 - value) * 120).toString(10);
  return ["hsl(", hue, ",100%,50%)"].join("");
}
var len = 20;
for (var i = 0; i <= len; i++) {
  var value = i / len;
  var d = document.createElement('div');
  d.textContent = "value=" + value;
  d.style.backgroundColor = getColor(value);
  document.body.appendChild(d);
}

This may be more than you need, but this lets you set up any arbitrary color map:

var percentColors = [
    { pct: 0.0, color: { r: 0xff, g: 0x00, b: 0 } },
    { pct: 0.5, color: { r: 0xff, g: 0xff, b: 0 } },
    { pct: 1.0, color: { r: 0x00, g: 0xff, b: 0 } } ];

var getColorForPercentage = function(pct) {
    for (var i = 1; i < percentColors.length - 1; i++) {
        if (pct < percentColors[i].pct) {
            break;
        }
    }
    var lower = percentColors[i - 1];
    var upper = percentColors[i];
    var range = upper.pct - lower.pct;
    var rangePct = (pct - lower.pct) / range;
    var pctLower = 1 - rangePct;
    var pctUpper = rangePct;
    var color = {
        r: Math.floor(lower.color.r * pctLower + upper.color.r * pctUpper),
        g: Math.floor(lower.color.g * pctLower + upper.color.g * pctUpper),
        b: Math.floor(lower.color.b * pctLower + upper.color.b * pctUpper)
    };
    return 'rgb(' + [color.r, color.g, color.b].join(',') + ')';
    // or output as hex if preferred
};

You can do this in a few lines of code (not including comments) without the need for any color maps.

function hsl_col_perc(percent, start, end) {
  var a = percent / 100,
      b = (end - start) * a,
      c = b + start;

  // Return a CSS HSL string
  return 'hsl('+c+', 100%, 50%)';
}
//Change the start and end values to reflect the hue map
//Refernece : http://www.ncl.ucar.edu/Applications/Images/colormap_6_3_lg.png

/*
Quick ref:
    0 – red
    60 – yellow
    120 – green
    180 – turquoise
    240 – blue
    300 – pink
    360 – red
*/      

Example: https://jsfiddle.net/x363g1yc/634/

No need for color maps (Unless it is a non-linear color change, which was not asked)

Warning: This is not compatible with IE8 or below. (Thanks Bernhard Fürst)

// Just used as a shortcut for below, completely optional
const red = 0,
  yellow = 60,
  green = 120,
  turquoise = 180,
  blue = 240,
  pink = 300;

function hsl_col_perc(percent, start, end) {
  var a = percent / 100,
    b = (end - start) * a,
    c = b + start;

  // Return a CSS HSL string
  return 'hsl(' + c + ', 100%, 50%)';
}

// Simple little animation
var percent = 0,
  progressDiv = document.getElementById('progress'),
  textDiv = document.getElementById('progress-text'),
  progressContainerDiv = document.getElementById('progress-container')

function step(timestamp) {
  percent = (percent < 100) ? percent + 0.5 : 0;

  // Play with me!
  let colour = hsl_col_perc(percent, red, green); //Red -> Green
  progressDiv.style.backgroundColor = colour;
  progressContainerDiv.style.borderColor = colour;
  progressDiv.style.width = percent + '%';
  textDiv.innerHTML = Math.floor(percent);
  window.requestAnimationFrame(step);
}

window.requestAnimationFrame(step);

#progress {
  width: 0%;
  white-space: nowrap;
  text-wrap: none;
  height: 50px;
}

#progress-container {
  border: solid 2px black;
  width: 200px;
}

<h1 id="progress-text"></h1>
<div id="progress-container">
  <div id="progress"></div>
</div>

This method works well in this case (percent from 0 to 100):

function getGreenToRed(percent){
            r = percent<50 ? 255 : Math.floor(255-(percent*2-100)*255/100);
            g = percent>50 ? 255 : Math.floor((percent*2)*255/100);
            return 'rgb('+r+','+g+',0)';
        }

I know this is originally an old javascript question, but I got here searching for CSS only solution, so maybe it will help others equally: It's actually quite simple:

Use the percentage as a HSL color value! Red to Green spans H from 0 to 128.(so you can pump the percentage up by 1.2 if you want). Example:

background-color:hsl(perc,100%,50%);

Where perc is just the number, without the % sign.