Linux Command-Line Bandwidth Speed Tests
Solution 1:
If you can't be bothered to install iperf (see qedi's answer), you could precede any command that shifts a known amount of data with the time
command and do a sum.
Solution 2:
iperf is simple and easy to use.
It requires a client and server.
(on the server)
user@server$ iperf -s
(on the client)
user@client$ iperf -c server.domain
------------------------------------------------------------
Client connecting to 192.168.1.1, TCP port 5001
TCP window size: 16.0 KByte (default)
------------------------------------------------------------
[ 3] local 192.168.1.3 port 52143 connected with 192.168.1.1 port 5001
[ ID] Interval Transfer Bandwidth
[ 3] 0.0-10.0 sec 113 MBytes 94.7 Mbits/sec