How to enable network with a raspberry pi emulated on qemu?

It would be nice to see the output of ifconfig on your virtual machine too.

According to http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/QEMU/Networking with the options you've specified you should get NAT with a virtual DHCP server, not direct bridging onto your local IP network, so your hard-coded IP addresses probably wouldn't work. Try:

auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet dhcp

reboot or use ifdown/ifup to reconfigure eth0 and see if it finds the virtual DHCP server. ifconfig and route -n should tell you if it worked - you'll have a local IP and a gateway route.

Assuming it did work you should be able to ssh from your host to your VM using:

ssh -p 5022 localhost

because that port is setup by the -redir clause in your command-line.