Make my audio louder Ubuntu 14.04

You can increase volume by cliciking "Allow more that 100% at

System Settings -> Sound

Since you have yet to reply to @Fabby with the requested post edit on yr hw info, I just will assume you use a PulseAudio sound server on your Trusty Tahr...

In that config you can use pactl. (Please lookup man pactl in the terminal). From the man page:

DESCRIPTION

   pactl  can  be  used  to  issue  control commands to the PulseAudio sound
   server.

As already suggested elsewhere, using pactl, you can tweak your sound temporarily or permanently. Before commiting to a permanent change: try it in your session by typing in terminal (CTRL+ALT+T):

$ pactl -- set-sink-volume 0 150%

and play with your sound controls. If you are satisfied go on to the excellent permanent solution proposed by @Radu_Rădeanu as referenced above. I have not had a chance to try it myself on 14.04.