What regex can match sequences of the same character?

Sure thing! Grouping and references are your friends:

(.)\1+

Will match 2 or more occurences of the same character. For word constituent characters only, use \w instead of ., i.e.:

(\w)\1+

Note that in Perl 5.10 we have alternative notations for backreferences as well.

foreach (qw(aaa bbb abc)) {
  say;
  say ' original' if /(\w)\1+/;
  say ' new way'  if /(\w)\g{1}+/;
  say ' relative' if /(\w)\g{-1}+/;
  say ' named'    if /(?'char'\w)\g{char}+/;
  say ' named'    if /(?<char>\w)\k<char>+/;
}