What are the differences between Civilization V and Civilization V: Game of the Year Edition?

Solution 1:

The differences are listed on the GOTY edition's store page:

Includes the Following Civilization V content

  • All 4 Cradle of Civilization Map Packs (Mediterranean, Asia, Americas, Mesopotamia)
  • Civilization Pack: Babylon (Nebuchadnezzar II)
  • Double Civilization and Scenario Pack: Spain and Inca
  • Civilization and Scenario Pack: Polynesia
  • Civilization and Scenario Pack: Denmark - The Vikings
  • Explorer’s Map Pack
  • Official Digital Soundtrack (Soundtrack not available on the Mac)

Solution 2:

According to the game page of the Steam Store it includes the game plus the following DLC:

  • All 4 Cradle of Civilization Map Packs (Mediterranean, Asia, Americas, Mesopotamia)
  • Civilization Pack: Babylon (Nebuchadnezzar II)
  • Double Civilization and Scenario Pack: Spain and Inca
  • Civilization and Scenario Pack: Polynesia
  • Civilization and Scenario Pack: Denmark - The Vikings
  • Explorer’s Map Pack
  • Official Digital Soundtrack

That does not include all the released DLCs, though; you can see a complete list of them under the Steam Store page for the regular edition.