How to share a directory with the host without networking in QEMU?

My problem is that networking devices in my device tree are not very stable so I thought the best way to share a folder between qemu and the host system is mount the same img without cache on both sides but the -hda option on qemu does not make the hd available in /dev/.

Here is the command I run.

./qemu-xilinx/arm-softmmu/qemu-system-arm -M xilinx-zynq-a9 -m 1024 -serial null -serial mon:stdio -dtb resources/devicetree.dtb -kernel resources/zImage -initrd resources.qemu/ramdisk.img -nographic -s

So the question is: is there a way to avoid networking and yet have a shared directory between qemu and the host?

EDIT: I compiled with

./configure --target-list="arm-softmmu,microblazeel-softmmu" --enable-fdt --disable-kvm --enable-virtfs

which should enable anything needed. However when I run

./qemu-xilinx/arm-softmmu/qemu-system-arm -M xilinx-zynq-a9 -m 1024 -serial null -serial mon:stdio -dtb /homes/cperivol/Sandbox/xilinx-zynq-bootstrap/resources/devicetree.dtb -kernel /homes/cperivol/Sandbox/xilinx-zynq-bootstrap/resources/zImage -initrd /homes/cperivol/Sandbox/xilinx-zynq-bootstrap/resources.qemu/ramdisk.img -nographic -s -fsdev local,path=/homes/cperivol/Sandbox/xilinx-zynq-bootstrap/qemu-sandbox/,security_model=passthrough,id=host0 -device virtio-9p-pci,fsdev=host0,mount_tag=host_tag0

or

./qemu-xilinx/arm-softmmu/qemu-system-arm -M xilinx-zynq-a9 -m 1024 -serial null -serial mon:stdio -dtb resources/devicetree.dtb -kernel resources/zImage -initrd resources.qemu/ramdisk.img -nographic -s -virtfs local,path=/homes/cperivol/Sandbox/xilinx-zynq-bootstrap/qemu-sandbox/,mount_tag=host0,security_model=passthrough,id=host0

I get

No 'PCI' bus found for device 'virtio-9p-pci'

Maybe I should also mention that in arm-softmmu/config-devices.mak there is CONFIG_PCI=y, and sure enough the object files of the pci are there in hw/pci.

EDIT2: Looking at the device tree as dumped by qemu the emulated system does not include a PCI bus.

(qemu) info qtree
bus: main-system-bus
  type System
  dev: xlnx.ps7-dev-cfg, id ""
    irq 1
    mmio 00000000f8007000/000000000000011c
  dev: pl330, id ""
    gpio-in 32
    num_chnls = 8
    num_periph_req = 4
    num_events = 16
    mgr_ns_at_rst = 0
    i-cache_len = 4
    num_i-cache_lines = 8
    boot_addr = 0
    INS = 0
    PNS = 0
    data_width = 64
    wr_cap = 8
    wr_q_dep = 16
    rd_cap = 8
    rd_q_dep = 16
    data_buffer_dep = 256
    irq 17
    mmio 00000000f8003000/0000000000001000
  dev: generic-sdhci, id ""
    capareg = 0x5780080
    maxcurr = 0x0
    irq 1
    mmio 00000000e0101000/0000000000000100
  dev: generic-sdhci, id ""
    capareg = 0x5780080
    maxcurr = 0x0
    irq 1
    mmio 00000000e0100000/0000000000000100
  dev: cadence_gem, id ""
    mac = 52:54:00:12:34:56
    vlan = 0
    netdev = hub0port0
    bootindex = -1
    irq 1
    mmio 00000000e000b000/0000000000000640
  dev: cadence_ttc, id ""
    irq 3
    mmio 00000000f8002000/0000000000001000
  dev: cadence_ttc, id ""
    irq 3
    mmio 00000000f8001000/0000000000001000
  dev: cadence_uart, id ""
    irq 1
    mmio 00000000e0001000/0000000000001000
  dev: cadence_uart, id ""
    irq 1
    mmio 00000000e0000000/0000000000001000
  dev: xlnx.ps7-qspi, id ""
    num-busses = 2
    num-ss-bits = 1
    num-txrx-bytes = 4
    irq 3
    mmio 00000000e000d000/0000000000000100
    mmio 00000000fc000000/0000000002000000
    bus: spi1
      type SSI
      dev: n25q128, id ""
        gpio-in 1
    bus: spi0
      type SSI
      dev: n25q128, id ""
        gpio-in 1
  dev: xlnx.ps7-spi, id ""
    num-busses = 1
    num-ss-bits = 4
    num-txrx-bytes = 1
    irq 5
    mmio 00000000e0007000/0000000000000100
    bus: spi0
      type SSI
      dev: n25q128, id ""
        gpio-in 1
      dev: n25q128, id ""
        gpio-in 1
      dev: n25q128, id ""
        gpio-in 1
      dev: n25q128, id ""
        gpio-in 1
  dev: xlnx.ps7-spi, id ""
    num-busses = 1
    num-ss-bits = 4
    num-txrx-bytes = 1
    irq 5
    mmio 00000000e0006000/0000000000000100
    bus: spi0
      type SSI
      dev: n25q128, id ""
        gpio-in 1
      dev: n25q128, id ""
        gpio-in 1
      dev: n25q128, id ""
        gpio-in 1
      dev: n25q128, id ""
        gpio-in 1
  dev: xlnx,ps7-usb, id "zynq-usb-1"
    maxframes = 128
    irq 1
    mmio 00000000e0003000/0000000000001000
    bus: zynq-usb-1.0
      type usb-bus
  dev: xlnx,ps7-usb, id "zynq-usb-0"
    maxframes = 128
    irq 1
    mmio 00000000e0002000/0000000000001000
    bus: zynq-usb-0.0
      type usb-bus
  dev: xlnx.ps7-i2c, id ""
    irq 1
    mmio 00000000e0005000/000000000000002c
    bus: i2c
      type i2c-bus
      dev: pca9548, id ""
        chip-enable = 0
        address = 0
        address-range = 128
        reg = 0
        bus: i2c@7
          type i2c-bus
        bus: i2c@6
          type i2c-bus
        bus: i2c@5
          type i2c-bus
        bus: i2c@4
          type i2c-bus
        bus: i2c@3
          type i2c-bus
          dev: at.24c08, id ""
            size = 1024
            address = 84
            address-range = 4
            reg = 84
          dev: at.24c08, id ""
            size = 1024
            address = 80
            address-range = 4
            reg = 80
        bus: i2c@2
          type i2c-bus
          dev: at.24c08, id ""
            size = 1024
            address = 84
            address-range = 4
            reg = 84
          dev: at.24c08, id ""
            size = 1024
            address = 80
            address-range = 4
            reg = 80
        bus: i2c@1
          type i2c-bus
        bus: i2c@0
          type i2c-bus
  dev: xlnx.ps7-i2c, id ""
    irq 1
    mmio 00000000e0004000/000000000000002c
    bus: i2c
      type i2c-bus
      dev: pca9548, id ""
        chip-enable = 0
        address = 0
        address-range = 128
        reg = 0
        bus: i2c@7
          type i2c-bus
        bus: i2c@6
          type i2c-bus
        bus: i2c@5
          type i2c-bus
        bus: i2c@4
          type i2c-bus
        bus: i2c@3
          type i2c-bus
          dev: at.24c08, id ""
            size = 1024
            address = 84
            address-range = 4
            reg = 84
          dev: at.24c08, id ""
            size = 1024
            address = 80
            address-range = 4
            reg = 80
        bus: i2c@2
          type i2c-bus
          dev: at.24c08, id ""
            size = 1024
            address = 84
            address-range = 4
            reg = 84
          dev: at.24c08, id ""
            size = 1024
            address = 80
            address-range = 4
            reg = 80
        bus: i2c@1
          type i2c-bus
        bus: i2c@0
          type i2c-bus
  dev: arm_mptimer, id ""
    num-cpu = 1
    irq 1
    mmio ffffffffffffffff/0000000000000020
    mmio ffffffffffffffff/0000000000000020
  dev: arm_mptimer, id ""
    num-cpu = 1
    irq 1
    mmio ffffffffffffffff/0000000000000020
    mmio ffffffffffffffff/0000000000000020
  dev: a9-scu, id ""
    num-cpu = 1
    irq 0
    mmio ffffffffffffffff/0000000000000100
  dev: arm_gic, id ""
    gpio-in 96
    num-cpu = 1
    num-irq = 96
    revision = 1
    irq 1
    mmio ffffffffffffffff/0000000000001000
    mmio ffffffffffffffff/0000000000000100
    mmio ffffffffffffffff/0000000000000100
  dev: a9mpcore_priv, id ""
    gpio-in 64
    num-cpu = 1
    num-irq = 96
    irq 1
    mmio 00000000f8f00000/0000000000002000
  dev: xilinx,zynq_slcr, id ""
    irq 0
    mmio 00000000f8000000/0000000000001000
  dev: nand, id ""
    manufacturer_id = 32
    chip_id = 170
    drive = <null>
    irq 0
  dev: cfi.pflash02, id ""
    drive = <null>
    num-blocks = 512
    sector-length = 131072
    width = 1
    mappings = 1
    big-endian = 0
    id0 = 102
    id1 = 34
    id2 = 0
    id3 = 0
    unlock-addr0 = 2730
    unlock-addr1 = 1365
    name = "pl353.pflash"
    irq 0
    mmio ffffffffffffffff/0000000004000000
  dev: arm.pl35x, id ""
    x = 3
    irq 0
    mmio 00000000e000e000/0000000000001000
    mmio 00000000e2000000/0000000001000000
    mmio 00000000e1000000/0000000001000000

Solution 1:

If the guest has 9p support (like Linux, or of course, Plan 9) and virtio, try adding the following switch.

-virtfs local,path=/path/to/share,mount_tag=host0,security_model=passthrough,id=host0

You may want to change the security_model parameter. See man page, qemu(1) for that. If I recall correctly, mount_tag is what the guest sees, leaving id as a dummy.

Make sure that the path is under the chroot if you are chrooting. It's a path to the directory on the host.

The fstab entry on the guest should look like this.

host0   /wherever    9p      trans=virtio,version=9p2000.L   0 0

Either add that to your fstab, or invoke the appropriate command manually or using your init system, whatever it may be.

Solution 2:

Minimalist working 9P Buildroot setup for x86_64, arm and aarch64

I have created a highly automated Buildroot working setup that might help you diff out why your approach is not working.

The main ingredients are:

  • kernel settings:

    CONFIG_9P_FS=y
    CONFIG_9P_FS_POSIX_ACL=y
    CONFIG_9P_FS_SECURITY=y
    CONFIG_NETWORK_FILESYSTEMS=y
    CONFIG_NET_9P=y
    CONFIG_NET_9P_DEBUG=y
    CONFIG_NET_9P_VIRTIO=y
    

    For aarch64, also add:

    CONFIG_PCI=y
    CONFIG_PCI_HOST_COMMON=y
    CONFIG_PCI_HOST_GENERIC=y
    CONFIG_VIRTIO_PCI=y
    CONFIG_VIRTIO_BLK=y
    CONFIG_VIRTIO_NET=y
    

    If you forget to add the aarch64 configs, and mount fails with:

    mount: mounting host0 on /mnt/my9p failed: Invalid argument
    

    and dmesg complains with:

    9pnet_virtio: no channels available for device
    

    Documented at: https://wiki.qemu.org/Documentation/9psetup

  • my fstab entry and QEMU command were exactly as explained at: https://superuser.com/a/628381/128124

    The manual mount command is:

    mkdir /mnt/my9p
    mount -t 9p -o trans=virtio,version=9p2000.L host0 /mnt/my9p
    

    where host0 is the tag specified on the QEMU CLI.

    For reference, my full QEMU command lines are: x86:

    ./buildroot/output.x86_64~/host/usr/bin/qemu-system-x86_64 \
    -m 128M \
    -monitor telnet::45454,server,nowait \
    -netdev user,hostfwd=tcp::45455-:45455,id=net0 \
    -smp 1 \
    -virtfs local,path=/host/path/to/share,mount_tag=host0,security_model=mapped,id=host0  \
    -M pc \
    -append 'root=/dev/vda nopat nokaslr norandmaps printk.devkmsg=on printk.time=y' \
    -device edu \
    -device lkmc_pci_min \
    -device virtio-net-pci,netdev=net0 \
    -kernel ./buildroot/output.x86_64~/images/bzImage    \
    -drive file='./buildroot/output.x86_64~/images/rootfs.ext2.qcow2,if=virtio,format=qcow2'
    

    arm:

    ./buildroot/output.arm~/host/usr/bin/qemu-system-arm -m 128M -monitor telnet::45454,server,nowait -netdev user,hostfwd=tcp::45455-:45455,id=net0 -smp 1 -virtfs local,path=/host/path/to/share,mount_tag=host0,security_model=mapped,id=host0  -M versatilepb -append 'root=/dev/sda nokaslr norandmaps printk.devkmsg=on printk.time=y' -device rtl8139,netdev=net0 -dtb ./buildroot/output.arm~/images/versatile-pb.dtb -kernel ./buildroot/output.arm~/images/zImage -serial stdio    -drive file='./buildroot/output.arm~/images/rootfs.ext2.qcow2,if=scsi,format=qcow2' 
    

    aarch64:

    ./buildroot/output.aarch64~/host/usr/bin/qemu-system-aarch64 -m 128M -monitor telnet::45454,server,nowait -netdev user,hostfwd=tcp::45455-:45455,id=net0 -smp 1 -virtfs local,path=/host/path/to/share,mount_tag=host0,security_model=mapped,id=host0  -M virt -append 'root=/dev/sda nokaslr norandmaps printk.devkmsg=on printk.time=y' -cpu cortex-a57 -device virtio-net-device,netdev=net0 -kernel ./buildroot/output.aarch64~/images/Image -nographic -serial stdio    
    

Tested on QEMU 2.11 and guest Linux kernel 4.15.

I then also tested on Ubuntu 18.04 and it just worked: https://askubuntu.com/questions/884534/how-to-run-ubuntu-desktop-on-qemu/1046792#1046792