intent.resolveActivity returns null in API 30

Looking at intent.resolveActivity != null but launching the intent throws an ActivityNotFound exception I wrote opening a browser or an application with Deep linking:

private fun openUrl(url: String) {
    val intent = Intent().apply {
        action = Intent.ACTION_VIEW
        data = Uri.parse(url)
//        setDataAndType(Uri.parse(url), "text/html")
//        component = ComponentName("com.android.browser", "com.android.browser.BrowserActivity")
//        flags = Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_CLEAR_TOP + Intent.FLAG_GRANT_READ_URI_PERMISSION
    }
    val activityInfo = intent.resolveActivityInfo(packageManager, intent.flags)
    if (activityInfo?.exported == true) {
        startActivity(intent)
    } else {
        Toast.makeText(
            this,
            "No application can handle the link",
            Toast.LENGTH_SHORT
        ).show()
    }
}

It doesn't work. No browser found in API 30 emulator, while a common solution works:

private fun openUrl(url: String) {
    val intent = Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, Uri.parse(url))
    try {
        startActivity(intent)
    } catch (e: ActivityNotFoundException) {
        Toast.makeText(
            this,
            "No application can handle the link",
            Toast.LENGTH_SHORT
        ).show()
    }
}

The first method doesn't work, because intent.resolveActivityInfo or intent.resolveActivity returns null. But for PDF-viewer it works.

Should we dismiss intent.resolveActivity?

Solution 1:

This appears to be due to the new restrictions on "package visibility" introduced in Android 11.

Basically, starting with API level 30, if you're targeting that version or higher, your app cannot see, or directly interact with, most external packages without explicitly requesting allowance, either through a blanket QUERY_ALL_PACKAGES permission, or by including an appropriate <queries> element in your manifest.

Indeed, your first snippet works as expected with that permission, or with an appropriate <queries> element in the manifest; for example:

<queries>
    <intent>
        <action android:name="android.intent.action.VIEW" />
        <category android:name="android.intent.category.BROWSABLE" />
        <data android:scheme="https" />
    </intent>
</queries>

The information currently available isn't terribly specific, but it does state:

The PackageManager methods that return results about other apps, such as queryIntentActivities(), are filtered based on the calling app's <queries> declaration

Though your example is using an Intent method – i.e., resolveActivityInfo() – that's actually calling PackageManager "query" methods internally. An exhaustive list of every method and functionality affected by this change might not be feasible, but it's probably safe to assume that if PackageManager is involved, you might do well to check its behavior with the new restrictions.

Solution 2:

Thanks to Mike M. I added queries for Browser, Camera and Gallery. Place them inside AndroidManifest in any part of it (before or after <application> tag).

Looking at MediaStore.ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE and Intent.ACTION_GET_CONTENT I got both actions.

<queries>
    <!-- Browser -->
    <intent>
        <action android:name="android.intent.action.VIEW" />
        <data android:scheme="http" />
    </intent>

    <!-- Camera -->
    <intent>
        <action android:name="android.media.action.IMAGE_CAPTURE" />
    </intent>

    <!-- Gallery -->
    <intent>
        <action android:name="android.intent.action.GET_CONTENT" />
    </intent>
</queries>

Dylan answer was not required to me, so I still have

<uses-feature
    android:name="android.hardware.camera"
    android:required="false"
    />

Solution 3:

For me I was trying to send an email so I needed to set the queries in the Manifest like this:

<queries>
    <intent>
        <action android:name="android.intent.action.SENDTO" />
        <data android:scheme="*" />
    </intent>
</queries>

then send email and check for email clients like this:

        private fun sendEmail(to: Array<String>) {
        val intent = Intent(Intent.ACTION_SENDTO)
        intent.data = Uri.parse("mailto:") // only email apps should handle this
        intent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_EMAIL, to)
//        intent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SUBJECT, subject)
        if (intent.resolveActivity(requireContext().packageManager) != null) {
            startActivity(intent)
        }
    }